Biochar (BC) significantly influences soil water dynamics, affecting soil structure, hydraulic properties, surface albedo, and heat fluxes. BC modifies soil water storage, energy balance, and irrigation practices. It generally reduces bulk density and saturated hydraulic conductivity in coarse-textured soils compared to fine-textured soils. BC increases water holding capacity (WHC) and plant available water (PAW) in coarser soils due to its hydrophilic nature, increased specific surface area, and enhanced porosity. However, BC may induce soil water repellency, depending on feedstock composition, pyrolysis temperature, and soil attributes. While BC has transformative potential in enhancing soil hydraulic properties, scalability and economic viability pose challenges for widespread agricultural use. BC offers promising avenues for sustainable water management but requires further research on large-scale applications and long-term field studies to fully understand its impact on soil water dynamics. BC's effects on soil properties are influenced by feedstock type, pyrolysis temperature, and application rate. It generally reduces soil bulk density (BD) and increases porosity, particularly in coarse-textured soils. BC applications can enhance soil porosity through mechanisms such as pore formation, reduced BD, and increased soil aggregation. However, outcomes vary depending on BC properties, soil texture, and application rates. BC can also affect soil hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity, with higher pyrolysis temperatures potentially increasing hydrophobicity. BC applications may increase or decrease hydraulic conductivity (K) depending on soil type and BC properties. In sandy soils, BC can reduce K, while in clay soils, it may increase K. BC applications can improve infiltration in loamy to clay soils but may reduce infiltration in sandy soils. BC also influences soil thermal properties, including thermal conductivity and diffusivity, which can affect soil evaporation and water movement. BC impacts soil water holding capacity (WHC) by increasing porosity, surface area, and soil aggregation. It can enhance WHC in both coarse and fine-textured soils, with higher BC rates leading to greater improvements. BC applications can increase PAW and crop yields in soils with low WHC, such as sandy soils. However, some studies show no significant effect of BC on WHC in certain soil types. BC's impact on WHC is influenced by particle size, shape, and internal structure, with finer particles generally enhancing WHC. BC properties, pore morphology, and soil aggregation play crucial roles in determining WHC. Additionally, management practices such as BC application depth and method can affect WHC. Overall, BC has the potential to improve soil water dynamics but requires further research to optimize its application for sustainable water management.Biochar (BC) significantly influences soil water dynamics, affecting soil structure, hydraulic properties, surface albedo, and heat fluxes. BC modifies soil water storage, energy balance, and irrigation practices. It generally reduces bulk density and saturated hydraulic conductivity in coarse-textured soils compared to fine-textured soils. BC increases water holding capacity (WHC) and plant available water (PAW) in coarser soils due to its hydrophilic nature, increased specific surface area, and enhanced porosity. However, BC may induce soil water repellency, depending on feedstock composition, pyrolysis temperature, and soil attributes. While BC has transformative potential in enhancing soil hydraulic properties, scalability and economic viability pose challenges for widespread agricultural use. BC offers promising avenues for sustainable water management but requires further research on large-scale applications and long-term field studies to fully understand its impact on soil water dynamics. BC's effects on soil properties are influenced by feedstock type, pyrolysis temperature, and application rate. It generally reduces soil bulk density (BD) and increases porosity, particularly in coarse-textured soils. BC applications can enhance soil porosity through mechanisms such as pore formation, reduced BD, and increased soil aggregation. However, outcomes vary depending on BC properties, soil texture, and application rates. BC can also affect soil hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity, with higher pyrolysis temperatures potentially increasing hydrophobicity. BC applications may increase or decrease hydraulic conductivity (K) depending on soil type and BC properties. In sandy soils, BC can reduce K, while in clay soils, it may increase K. BC applications can improve infiltration in loamy to clay soils but may reduce infiltration in sandy soils. BC also influences soil thermal properties, including thermal conductivity and diffusivity, which can affect soil evaporation and water movement. BC impacts soil water holding capacity (WHC) by increasing porosity, surface area, and soil aggregation. It can enhance WHC in both coarse and fine-textured soils, with higher BC rates leading to greater improvements. BC applications can increase PAW and crop yields in soils with low WHC, such as sandy soils. However, some studies show no significant effect of BC on WHC in certain soil types. BC's impact on WHC is influenced by particle size, shape, and internal structure, with finer particles generally enhancing WHC. BC properties, pore morphology, and soil aggregation play crucial roles in determining WHC. Additionally, management practices such as BC application depth and method can affect WHC. Overall, BC has the potential to improve soil water dynamics but requires further research to optimize its application for sustainable water management.