Adipose tissue is no longer viewed as a passive fat storage organ but as an active endocrine organ that plays a crucial role in regulating metabolism and homeostasis. It synthesizes and secretes various hormones, known as adipokines, which influence processes such as energy balance, insulin sensitivity, inflammation, and immune function. Adipose tissue is composed of adipocytes and other cell types, including the stroma-vascular fraction, and varies in function and composition depending on its location in the body. White adipose tissue is the primary energy storage site, while brown adipose tissue is specialized in thermogenesis and is more prevalent in infants. Adipose tissue is involved in lipogenesis and lipolysis, processes that are regulated by hormonal and metabolic signals. Adipokines such as leptin, adiponectin, TNF-α, IL-6, resistin, and visfatin are key players in metabolic regulation and are associated with conditions like obesity, insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome. Obesity is linked to chronic low-grade inflammation in adipose tissue, which can lead to dysregulated adipokine production and contribute to metabolic disorders. Adipose tissue also plays a role in cardiovascular health, with factors like PAI-1 and ASP influencing fibrinolysis and lipid metabolism. Understanding the complex functions of adipose tissue as an endocrine organ is essential for developing therapeutic strategies for metabolic and cardiovascular diseases.Adipose tissue is no longer viewed as a passive fat storage organ but as an active endocrine organ that plays a crucial role in regulating metabolism and homeostasis. It synthesizes and secretes various hormones, known as adipokines, which influence processes such as energy balance, insulin sensitivity, inflammation, and immune function. Adipose tissue is composed of adipocytes and other cell types, including the stroma-vascular fraction, and varies in function and composition depending on its location in the body. White adipose tissue is the primary energy storage site, while brown adipose tissue is specialized in thermogenesis and is more prevalent in infants. Adipose tissue is involved in lipogenesis and lipolysis, processes that are regulated by hormonal and metabolic signals. Adipokines such as leptin, adiponectin, TNF-α, IL-6, resistin, and visfatin are key players in metabolic regulation and are associated with conditions like obesity, insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome. Obesity is linked to chronic low-grade inflammation in adipose tissue, which can lead to dysregulated adipokine production and contribute to metabolic disorders. Adipose tissue also plays a role in cardiovascular health, with factors like PAI-1 and ASP influencing fibrinolysis and lipid metabolism. Understanding the complex functions of adipose tissue as an endocrine organ is essential for developing therapeutic strategies for metabolic and cardiovascular diseases.