This review discusses the biodegradability of plastics, focusing on microbial and enzymatic degradation processes. Plastics are broadly defined as high molecular weight polymers that can be degraded through various processes, but biodegradation by microorganisms and enzymes is considered the most effective. The biodegradability of plastics is influenced by both their chemical and physical properties, including molecular weight, crystallinity, melting point, and glass transition temperature. Biodegradable plastics, derived from renewable resources, offer environmental benefits such as reduced greenhouse gas emissions and lower waste management costs. Examples include polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) and poly(lactic acid) (PLA), which can be produced through fermentation. Aliphatic polyesters like polycaprolactone (PCL) and poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) are also biodegradable. However, many conventional plastics such as polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) are non-biodegradable. The review highlights the importance of understanding the mechanisms of biodegradation, including the role of microorganisms, enzymes, and physical properties of plastics. It also discusses the biodiversity of polymer-degrading microorganisms and factors affecting biodegradability, such as molecular weight, crystallinity, and melting temperature. The review covers various biodegradable plastics, including aliphatic polyesters, polyurethanes, polyamides, and polyethylene, and their degradation by microorganisms and enzymes. It concludes that biodegradable plastics offer a promising solution to plastic waste issues, but further research is needed to improve their biodegradability and understand the degradation mechanisms.This review discusses the biodegradability of plastics, focusing on microbial and enzymatic degradation processes. Plastics are broadly defined as high molecular weight polymers that can be degraded through various processes, but biodegradation by microorganisms and enzymes is considered the most effective. The biodegradability of plastics is influenced by both their chemical and physical properties, including molecular weight, crystallinity, melting point, and glass transition temperature. Biodegradable plastics, derived from renewable resources, offer environmental benefits such as reduced greenhouse gas emissions and lower waste management costs. Examples include polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) and poly(lactic acid) (PLA), which can be produced through fermentation. Aliphatic polyesters like polycaprolactone (PCL) and poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) are also biodegradable. However, many conventional plastics such as polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) are non-biodegradable. The review highlights the importance of understanding the mechanisms of biodegradation, including the role of microorganisms, enzymes, and physical properties of plastics. It also discusses the biodiversity of polymer-degrading microorganisms and factors affecting biodegradability, such as molecular weight, crystallinity, and melting temperature. The review covers various biodegradable plastics, including aliphatic polyesters, polyurethanes, polyamides, and polyethylene, and their degradation by microorganisms and enzymes. It concludes that biodegradable plastics offer a promising solution to plastic waste issues, but further research is needed to improve their biodegradability and understand the degradation mechanisms.