The article reviews the biodegradability of plastics, focusing on microbial and enzymatic processes. It discusses the factors affecting biodegradability, including chemical and physical properties of plastics, such as molecular weight, crystallinity, and surface conditions. The review highlights the importance of both first-order and high-order structures of polymers in the biodegradation process. It also explores the biodiversity and occurrence of polymer-degrading microorganisms in various environments, emphasizing the role of enzymes in hydrolysis. The article examines specific biodegradable plastics like polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), poly(lactic acid) (PLA), and aliphatic polyesters, and their degradation by microorganisms and enzymes. Additionally, it discusses the blending of biodegradable polymers with other materials to improve properties and biodegradability, as well as the degradation of non-biodegradable plastics like polycarbonate, polyurethane, and polyamide. The review concludes by highlighting the potential of biodegradable plastics in addressing environmental issues and their broader implications for understanding protein conformational diseases.The article reviews the biodegradability of plastics, focusing on microbial and enzymatic processes. It discusses the factors affecting biodegradability, including chemical and physical properties of plastics, such as molecular weight, crystallinity, and surface conditions. The review highlights the importance of both first-order and high-order structures of polymers in the biodegradation process. It also explores the biodiversity and occurrence of polymer-degrading microorganisms in various environments, emphasizing the role of enzymes in hydrolysis. The article examines specific biodegradable plastics like polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), poly(lactic acid) (PLA), and aliphatic polyesters, and their degradation by microorganisms and enzymes. Additionally, it discusses the blending of biodegradable polymers with other materials to improve properties and biodegradability, as well as the degradation of non-biodegradable plastics like polycarbonate, polyurethane, and polyamide. The review concludes by highlighting the potential of biodegradable plastics in addressing environmental issues and their broader implications for understanding protein conformational diseases.