This review explores the pivotal role of biodegradable electrospun membranes (BEMs) in sustainable industrial applications, emphasizing their environmental benefits and versatility. BEMs are made from biodegradable materials, such as poly(lactic acid) (PLA), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), cellulose, and chitosan, which offer unique properties like high surface area-to-volume ratio, tunable pore size, and exceptional mechanical strength. These membranes are widely used in various sectors, including water treatment, food packaging, biomedical applications, and environmental remediation. In water treatment, BEMs are effective in wastewater purification, oil-water separation, and heavy metal removal. They provide efficient filtration and adsorption capabilities, reducing environmental pollution. In biomedical applications, BEMs are used in drug delivery systems, tissue engineering, and wound healing, offering controlled drug release and biocompatibility. Additionally, BEMs are utilized in protective masks and garments, providing superior filtration and comfort. The review highlights the environmental impact and sustainability of BEMs, from production to disposal, emphasizing reduced waste and resource conservation. Electrospinning, a versatile and scalable fabrication method, is highlighted for its ability to produce nanofibers with tailored characteristics, making it an excellent candidate for sustainable industrial applications. The integration of BEMs addresses sustainability concerns, offering eco-friendly solutions to industrial challenges while minimizing the environmental footprint.This review explores the pivotal role of biodegradable electrospun membranes (BEMs) in sustainable industrial applications, emphasizing their environmental benefits and versatility. BEMs are made from biodegradable materials, such as poly(lactic acid) (PLA), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), cellulose, and chitosan, which offer unique properties like high surface area-to-volume ratio, tunable pore size, and exceptional mechanical strength. These membranes are widely used in various sectors, including water treatment, food packaging, biomedical applications, and environmental remediation. In water treatment, BEMs are effective in wastewater purification, oil-water separation, and heavy metal removal. They provide efficient filtration and adsorption capabilities, reducing environmental pollution. In biomedical applications, BEMs are used in drug delivery systems, tissue engineering, and wound healing, offering controlled drug release and biocompatibility. Additionally, BEMs are utilized in protective masks and garments, providing superior filtration and comfort. The review highlights the environmental impact and sustainability of BEMs, from production to disposal, emphasizing reduced waste and resource conservation. Electrospinning, a versatile and scalable fabrication method, is highlighted for its ability to produce nanofibers with tailored characteristics, making it an excellent candidate for sustainable industrial applications. The integration of BEMs addresses sustainability concerns, offering eco-friendly solutions to industrial challenges while minimizing the environmental footprint.