The article provides a comprehensive overview of biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles (BPNPs) as drug delivery systems. BPNPs have gained significant attention due to their ability to improve the efficacy of therapeutic agents by facilitating targeted delivery to specific sites in the body. These nanoparticles are particularly useful for substances with poor solubility, instability, rapid metabolism, and rapid systemic elimination. The review highlights the unique properties of BPNPs, such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, low cost, flexibility, stability, minimal side effects, low toxicity, and controlled drug release. It also discusses the challenges and future prospects of BPNPs, including nanoparticle stability under physiological conditions, scaling up production while maintaining quality, and the potential for employing BPNPs in various medical applications. The article covers the classification, formulation, characteristics, bioapplications, and degradation of polymeric nanoparticles, emphasizing the importance of in-depth physicochemical characterization and biological studies. Despite the promising benefits, concerns about toxicity and the need for further research in vivo and clinical trials remain significant challenges. The authors conclude by emphasizing the potential of BPNPs in improving therapeutic outcomes and reducing side effects, highlighting the need for multidisciplinary research to address these challenges.The article provides a comprehensive overview of biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles (BPNPs) as drug delivery systems. BPNPs have gained significant attention due to their ability to improve the efficacy of therapeutic agents by facilitating targeted delivery to specific sites in the body. These nanoparticles are particularly useful for substances with poor solubility, instability, rapid metabolism, and rapid systemic elimination. The review highlights the unique properties of BPNPs, such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, low cost, flexibility, stability, minimal side effects, low toxicity, and controlled drug release. It also discusses the challenges and future prospects of BPNPs, including nanoparticle stability under physiological conditions, scaling up production while maintaining quality, and the potential for employing BPNPs in various medical applications. The article covers the classification, formulation, characteristics, bioapplications, and degradation of polymeric nanoparticles, emphasizing the importance of in-depth physicochemical characterization and biological studies. Despite the promising benefits, concerns about toxicity and the need for further research in vivo and clinical trials remain significant challenges. The authors conclude by emphasizing the potential of BPNPs in improving therapeutic outcomes and reducing side effects, highlighting the need for multidisciplinary research to address these challenges.