The article provides an overview of biodegradable polymers, which are increasingly used in various fields such as packaging, agriculture, and medicine. These polymers can be synthetic or natural, derived from either non-renewable petroleum resources or renewable biological resources. The review highlights the properties, synthesis methods, and applications of different classes of biodegradable polymers, including polyesters, polyamides, polyurethanes, and biopolymers. Synthetic polymers, such as polyesters, polyamides, and polyurethanes, are produced from petroleum resources and can be made biodegradable through the addition of additives or through hydrolysable backbones. Natural polymers, derived from renewable sources, include proteins, polysaccharides, and bacterial polymers. Proteins like collagen and gelatin, polysaccharides like starch and cellulose, and bacterial polymers like poly(β-hydroxyalkanoate) (PHA) are discussed in detail, along with their mechanical properties, degradation rates, and potential applications. The article also discusses the challenges and advancements in the synthesis and application of biodegradable polymers, emphasizing the importance of environmental sustainability and the need for further research to improve their performance and compatibility with various applications.The article provides an overview of biodegradable polymers, which are increasingly used in various fields such as packaging, agriculture, and medicine. These polymers can be synthetic or natural, derived from either non-renewable petroleum resources or renewable biological resources. The review highlights the properties, synthesis methods, and applications of different classes of biodegradable polymers, including polyesters, polyamides, polyurethanes, and biopolymers. Synthetic polymers, such as polyesters, polyamides, and polyurethanes, are produced from petroleum resources and can be made biodegradable through the addition of additives or through hydrolysable backbones. Natural polymers, derived from renewable sources, include proteins, polysaccharides, and bacterial polymers. Proteins like collagen and gelatin, polysaccharides like starch and cellulose, and bacterial polymers like poly(β-hydroxyalkanoate) (PHA) are discussed in detail, along with their mechanical properties, degradation rates, and potential applications. The article also discusses the challenges and advancements in the synthesis and application of biodegradable polymers, emphasizing the importance of environmental sustainability and the need for further research to improve their performance and compatibility with various applications.