This review discusses the biodegradation of typical plastics by marine microorganisms, focusing on microbial diversity and metabolic mechanisms. Plastic production has increased dramatically, leading to significant plastic waste in the ocean. Marine plastics can break down into microplastics, which pose serious threats to marine ecosystems. Biodegradation is an environmentally friendly approach to address plastic pollution. Marine microorganisms, adapted to fluctuating environmental conditions, are more effective in degrading plastics. Common plastic-degrading bacteria include Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Alcanivorax, and Actinomycetes, while some marine fungi and algae also show plastic-degrading abilities. The review highlights the role of enzymes such as esterase, cutinase, and laccase in the biodegradation of plastics like PET, PS, PE, PVC, and PP. It emphasizes the need for further research on plastic biodegradation in the deep sea. The review also discusses the mechanisms of plastic biodegradation, including biofilm formation, enzymatic biocatalysis, and specific degradation pathways for different plastics. The study concludes that marine microorganisms offer promising solutions for plastic pollution, but more research is needed to understand and enhance the biodegradation process. The review underscores the importance of exploring novel enzymes and microbial resources from marine environments to address plastic pollution effectively.This review discusses the biodegradation of typical plastics by marine microorganisms, focusing on microbial diversity and metabolic mechanisms. Plastic production has increased dramatically, leading to significant plastic waste in the ocean. Marine plastics can break down into microplastics, which pose serious threats to marine ecosystems. Biodegradation is an environmentally friendly approach to address plastic pollution. Marine microorganisms, adapted to fluctuating environmental conditions, are more effective in degrading plastics. Common plastic-degrading bacteria include Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Alcanivorax, and Actinomycetes, while some marine fungi and algae also show plastic-degrading abilities. The review highlights the role of enzymes such as esterase, cutinase, and laccase in the biodegradation of plastics like PET, PS, PE, PVC, and PP. It emphasizes the need for further research on plastic biodegradation in the deep sea. The review also discusses the mechanisms of plastic biodegradation, including biofilm formation, enzymatic biocatalysis, and specific degradation pathways for different plastics. The study concludes that marine microorganisms offer promising solutions for plastic pollution, but more research is needed to understand and enhance the biodegradation process. The review underscores the importance of exploring novel enzymes and microbial resources from marine environments to address plastic pollution effectively.