The study explores the concept of "intensification traps" in agricultural landscapes, where high levels of conventional intensification (reliance on pesticides and fertilizers) lead to diminishing returns and negative feedback on biodiversity, ultimately causing production declines. The authors developed a novel framework that integrates biodiversity as both a predictor and response variable to evaluate the risk and magnitude of these traps. Simulations based on systematic literature reviews show that intensification traps are prevalent in most landscape types but are less common in major cereal production systems. Small reductions in maximal production (5-10%) can lead to substantial biodiversity gains, indicating small-loss large-gain trade-offs. However, the emergence of traps is context-dependent, making it challenging to identify optimal management practices at the field scale. The study recommends the development of case-specific safety margins to prevent double losses in biodiversity and food security associated with intensification traps. The findings highlight the importance of integrating biodiversity into agricultural planning to avoid lose-lose situations and ensure sustainable food production.The study explores the concept of "intensification traps" in agricultural landscapes, where high levels of conventional intensification (reliance on pesticides and fertilizers) lead to diminishing returns and negative feedback on biodiversity, ultimately causing production declines. The authors developed a novel framework that integrates biodiversity as both a predictor and response variable to evaluate the risk and magnitude of these traps. Simulations based on systematic literature reviews show that intensification traps are prevalent in most landscape types but are less common in major cereal production systems. Small reductions in maximal production (5-10%) can lead to substantial biodiversity gains, indicating small-loss large-gain trade-offs. However, the emergence of traps is context-dependent, making it challenging to identify optimal management practices at the field scale. The study recommends the development of case-specific safety margins to prevent double losses in biodiversity and food security associated with intensification traps. The findings highlight the importance of integrating biodiversity into agricultural planning to avoid lose-lose situations and ensure sustainable food production.