The article "Biodiversity and Resilience of Ecosystem Functions" by Oliver et al. (2015) highlights the importance of biodiversity in maintaining ecosystem functions and services under future environmental changes. The authors emphasize that current ecosystem monitoring and management practices, which focus on short-term conditions, may lead to inappropriate guidance and undervalue the role of biodiversity. They identify three ecological scales—species, communities, and landscapes—that underpin the resilience of ecosystem functions. At the species level, mechanisms such as sensitivity to environmental change, intrinsic population growth rates, phenotypic plasticity, genetic variability, and Allee effects influence the resilience of ecosystem functions. At the community level, the correlation between response and effect traits, functional redundancy, and network interaction structure play crucial roles. At the landscape level, local environmental heterogeneity, landscape-level functional connectivity, and area of natural habitat cover enhance the resilience of ecosystem functions. The authors argue that managing for resilience requires considering multiple factors and balancing trade-offs, and they call for the development of robust and cost-effective indicators to measure and monitor ecosystem function resilience. They conclude that a focus on resilience rather than short-term function delivery can help inform evidence-based and flexible ecosystem management.The article "Biodiversity and Resilience of Ecosystem Functions" by Oliver et al. (2015) highlights the importance of biodiversity in maintaining ecosystem functions and services under future environmental changes. The authors emphasize that current ecosystem monitoring and management practices, which focus on short-term conditions, may lead to inappropriate guidance and undervalue the role of biodiversity. They identify three ecological scales—species, communities, and landscapes—that underpin the resilience of ecosystem functions. At the species level, mechanisms such as sensitivity to environmental change, intrinsic population growth rates, phenotypic plasticity, genetic variability, and Allee effects influence the resilience of ecosystem functions. At the community level, the correlation between response and effect traits, functional redundancy, and network interaction structure play crucial roles. At the landscape level, local environmental heterogeneity, landscape-level functional connectivity, and area of natural habitat cover enhance the resilience of ecosystem functions. The authors argue that managing for resilience requires considering multiple factors and balancing trade-offs, and they call for the development of robust and cost-effective indicators to measure and monitor ecosystem function resilience. They conclude that a focus on resilience rather than short-term function delivery can help inform evidence-based and flexible ecosystem management.