Bioelectric stimulation controls tissue shape and size

Bioelectric stimulation controls tissue shape and size

05 April 2024 | Gawoon Shim1,5, Isaac B. Breinyn2,5, Alejandro Martinez-Calvo3,4, Sameeksha Rao1 & Daniel J. Cohen 1
This study demonstrates that external electrical stimulation can control the shape and size of epithelial tissues in living organisms. Specifically, the researchers found that applying physiological-strength electrical fields (~5 - 10 V/cm) to hollow, 3D kidneyoids and gut organoids caused them to inflate, a process they term "electro-inflation." This inflation is driven by increased ion flux through ion channels and transporters, which triggers osmotic water flow into the lumen, generating hydrostatic pressure that competes with cytoskeletal tension. Computational models suggest that electro-inflation is primarily driven by field-induced ion crowding on the tissue surface. Electrically stimulated tissues also exhibit symmetry breaking in 3D, resulting from electrotaxis and affecting tissue shape. The ability to regulate tissue size and shape through electrical cues highlights the importance of the electrical micro-environment for living tissues. The findings have implications for developmental biology, biofabrication, and regenerative medicine, suggesting that electrical manipulation could be a powerful tool for controlling tissue growth and morphology.This study demonstrates that external electrical stimulation can control the shape and size of epithelial tissues in living organisms. Specifically, the researchers found that applying physiological-strength electrical fields (~5 - 10 V/cm) to hollow, 3D kidneyoids and gut organoids caused them to inflate, a process they term "electro-inflation." This inflation is driven by increased ion flux through ion channels and transporters, which triggers osmotic water flow into the lumen, generating hydrostatic pressure that competes with cytoskeletal tension. Computational models suggest that electro-inflation is primarily driven by field-induced ion crowding on the tissue surface. Electrically stimulated tissues also exhibit symmetry breaking in 3D, resulting from electrotaxis and affecting tissue shape. The ability to regulate tissue size and shape through electrical cues highlights the importance of the electrical micro-environment for living tissues. The findings have implications for developmental biology, biofabrication, and regenerative medicine, suggesting that electrical manipulation could be a powerful tool for controlling tissue growth and morphology.
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Understanding Bioelectric stimulation controls tissue shape and size