Malnutrition, defined as both undernutrition and overnutrition, is a significant global health issue affecting millions. Biofortification, a strategy to enhance the nutritional content of staple crops, has emerged as a promising solution. This review explores the current state of biofortification research, including techniques, applications, effectiveness, and challenges. Biofortified crops, such as rice, wheat, maize, and beans, have been developed using conventional and advanced technologies to increase levels of essential micronutrients like iron, zinc, vitamin A, and vitamin C. Genetic engineering, particularly CRISPR-Cas9, has enabled precise modifications to crop genomes, further enhancing their nutritional profiles. Studies have shown that biofortified crops improve health conditions and reduce nutrient deficiencies, especially in resource-limited environments. However, challenges such as consumer acceptance, regulatory permitting, and scaling up production and distribution need to be addressed through collaboration among governments, researchers, NGOs, and the private sector. The review also discusses various approaches for data collection, techniques of biofortification, organisms used, and nutrients targeted, highlighting the potential of biofortification in combating malnutrition and improving public health.Malnutrition, defined as both undernutrition and overnutrition, is a significant global health issue affecting millions. Biofortification, a strategy to enhance the nutritional content of staple crops, has emerged as a promising solution. This review explores the current state of biofortification research, including techniques, applications, effectiveness, and challenges. Biofortified crops, such as rice, wheat, maize, and beans, have been developed using conventional and advanced technologies to increase levels of essential micronutrients like iron, zinc, vitamin A, and vitamin C. Genetic engineering, particularly CRISPR-Cas9, has enabled precise modifications to crop genomes, further enhancing their nutritional profiles. Studies have shown that biofortified crops improve health conditions and reduce nutrient deficiencies, especially in resource-limited environments. However, challenges such as consumer acceptance, regulatory permitting, and scaling up production and distribution need to be addressed through collaboration among governments, researchers, NGOs, and the private sector. The review also discusses various approaches for data collection, techniques of biofortification, organisms used, and nutrients targeted, highlighting the potential of biofortification in combating malnutrition and improving public health.