Biofortification is a promising strategy to address nutrient deficiencies and malnutrition by enhancing the nutritional content of crops. This review summarizes current research on biofortification techniques, including conventional breeding, genetic engineering, and microbial approaches. Biofortified crops, such as rice, wheat, maize, and beans, have been developed to increase levels of essential micronutrients like iron, zinc, vitamin A, and vitamin C. Recent advances in genetic engineering, such as CRISPR-Cas9, allow precise modification of crop genomes to improve nutritional profiles. Agronomic biofortification involves using fertilizers, microbes, and soil amendments to enhance nutrient uptake. Classical breeding methods have been used to increase micronutrient content in crops, while metabolic engineering and synthetic biology have been employed to produce biofortified crops with enhanced micronutrients. Genetic engineering has enabled the development of transgenic crops, such as Golden Rice, which biosynthesize vitamin A precursors. CRISPR technology has been used to edit genes in crops to improve their nutritional content. Microorganisms, including bacteria and fungi, play a crucial role in biofortification by enhancing nutrient uptake and availability. Biofortification has shown promise in addressing hidden hunger, particularly in resource-limited environments. However, challenges such as consumer acceptance, regulatory approval, and scaling up production remain. Collaboration among governments, researchers, and the private sector is essential to promote biofortification as a key strategy for global food security and nutrition.Biofortification is a promising strategy to address nutrient deficiencies and malnutrition by enhancing the nutritional content of crops. This review summarizes current research on biofortification techniques, including conventional breeding, genetic engineering, and microbial approaches. Biofortified crops, such as rice, wheat, maize, and beans, have been developed to increase levels of essential micronutrients like iron, zinc, vitamin A, and vitamin C. Recent advances in genetic engineering, such as CRISPR-Cas9, allow precise modification of crop genomes to improve nutritional profiles. Agronomic biofortification involves using fertilizers, microbes, and soil amendments to enhance nutrient uptake. Classical breeding methods have been used to increase micronutrient content in crops, while metabolic engineering and synthetic biology have been employed to produce biofortified crops with enhanced micronutrients. Genetic engineering has enabled the development of transgenic crops, such as Golden Rice, which biosynthesize vitamin A precursors. CRISPR technology has been used to edit genes in crops to improve their nutritional content. Microorganisms, including bacteria and fungi, play a crucial role in biofortification by enhancing nutrient uptake and availability. Biofortification has shown promise in addressing hidden hunger, particularly in resource-limited environments. However, challenges such as consumer acceptance, regulatory approval, and scaling up production remain. Collaboration among governments, researchers, and the private sector is essential to promote biofortification as a key strategy for global food security and nutrition.