The article reviews over 200 publications on biomass pyrolysis technology, focusing on its current status and potential for commercial biofuel production. Pyrolysis, a thermo-chemical conversion process, is highlighted for its socio-economic advantages and efficiency compared to other thermo-chemical methods. The review covers various aspects of pyrolysis technology, including principles, biomass sources, types of pyrolysis, reactor design, product characteristics, and economic considerations. Key challenges include optimizing the trade-off between plant size and feedstock, improving reactor reliability, and enhancing the economic viability of pyrolysis processes. The study emphasizes the need for further research to address these challenges and improve the overall understanding of biomass pyrolysis for biofuel production.The article reviews over 200 publications on biomass pyrolysis technology, focusing on its current status and potential for commercial biofuel production. Pyrolysis, a thermo-chemical conversion process, is highlighted for its socio-economic advantages and efficiency compared to other thermo-chemical methods. The review covers various aspects of pyrolysis technology, including principles, biomass sources, types of pyrolysis, reactor design, product characteristics, and economic considerations. Key challenges include optimizing the trade-off between plant size and feedstock, improving reactor reliability, and enhancing the economic viability of pyrolysis processes. The study emphasizes the need for further research to address these challenges and improve the overall understanding of biomass pyrolysis for biofuel production.