Thermoplasmonics, a versatile tool with significant applications in various biological domains, involves the remote activation of heating by applying laser irradiation to plasmonic nanostructures. This process converts light into heat, enabling a wide range of applications in cell biology, biophysics, and medicine. Key applications include: 1. **Cell Differentiation and Repair**: Localized heating can activate cell sensing, study temperature-induced changes in transmembrane potentials, and modulate cell differentiation. 2. **Photothermal Therapy**: Rapid heat cycling through thermoplasmonics has led to advancements in photothermal therapy, with clinical trials showing promising results in prostate cancer treatment. 3. **Drug Delivery**: Plasmonic nanoparticles can be used to deliver drugs, facilitate permeation of the plasma membrane, and trigger molecular release from endosomes. 4. **Molecular and Supramolecular Applications**: Localized heating can be used to study protein denaturation, RNA and DNA hybridization, and membrane fusion. 5. **Biological and Biophysical Functions**: Plasmonic nanoparticles have shown promise in resolving questions about the functions of proteins and biomembranes. 6. **Molecular Systems**: Plasmonic heating has accelerated DNA analysis using PCR and detected SARS-CoV-2 RNA through high-speed nano-PCR. 7. **Single-Cell Manipulation**: Thermoplasmonics allows for precise manipulation of single cells, including intracellular organelle extraction and membrane perforation. 8. **Photothermal Therapy and Prognostic Imaging**: Plasmonic nanoparticles have been used in photothermal therapy for cancer treatment and as pro-drugs, with multimodal systems combining plasmonic and magnetic properties showing potential for improved clinical outcomes. The review highlights the transformative potential of thermoplasmonics in biosciences, emphasizing its role in advancing research and clinical applications.Thermoplasmonics, a versatile tool with significant applications in various biological domains, involves the remote activation of heating by applying laser irradiation to plasmonic nanostructures. This process converts light into heat, enabling a wide range of applications in cell biology, biophysics, and medicine. Key applications include: 1. **Cell Differentiation and Repair**: Localized heating can activate cell sensing, study temperature-induced changes in transmembrane potentials, and modulate cell differentiation. 2. **Photothermal Therapy**: Rapid heat cycling through thermoplasmonics has led to advancements in photothermal therapy, with clinical trials showing promising results in prostate cancer treatment. 3. **Drug Delivery**: Plasmonic nanoparticles can be used to deliver drugs, facilitate permeation of the plasma membrane, and trigger molecular release from endosomes. 4. **Molecular and Supramolecular Applications**: Localized heating can be used to study protein denaturation, RNA and DNA hybridization, and membrane fusion. 5. **Biological and Biophysical Functions**: Plasmonic nanoparticles have shown promise in resolving questions about the functions of proteins and biomembranes. 6. **Molecular Systems**: Plasmonic heating has accelerated DNA analysis using PCR and detected SARS-CoV-2 RNA through high-speed nano-PCR. 7. **Single-Cell Manipulation**: Thermoplasmonics allows for precise manipulation of single cells, including intracellular organelle extraction and membrane perforation. 8. **Photothermal Therapy and Prognostic Imaging**: Plasmonic nanoparticles have been used in photothermal therapy for cancer treatment and as pro-drugs, with multimodal systems combining plasmonic and magnetic properties showing potential for improved clinical outcomes. The review highlights the transformative potential of thermoplasmonics in biosciences, emphasizing its role in advancing research and clinical applications.