Thermoplasmonics, the use of plasmonic heating to manipulate biological systems, has shown great potential in various biological applications. This review highlights the versatility of thermoplasmonics in fields such as medical science, cell biology, and biophysics. By using laser irradiation of plasmonic nanostructures, it is possible to generate localized heat, enabling precise control over biological processes. This technology has been applied in areas such as photothermal therapy, drug delivery, and biosensing. For instance, thermoplasmonics has been used to study temperature-induced changes in transmembrane potentials, activate heat shock proteins, and modulate cell differentiation. It has also been employed in photothermal therapy for cancer treatment, with promising results in prostate cancer. Additionally, thermoplasmonics has been used to study membrane repair and fusion, as well as to manipulate biomimetic systems. The ability to generate localized heat has also been used to study protein denaturation and thermal control of RNA and DNA hybridization. Furthermore, thermoplasmonics has been applied in the detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA and in the rapid amplification of DNA through nano-PCR. The review also discusses the potential of thermoplasmonics in future applications, including the development of smart therapeutic particles and the expansion of photothermal therapy to other diseases. The review emphasizes the importance of further research in this field to improve clinical applications and expand the range of possible uses.Thermoplasmonics, the use of plasmonic heating to manipulate biological systems, has shown great potential in various biological applications. This review highlights the versatility of thermoplasmonics in fields such as medical science, cell biology, and biophysics. By using laser irradiation of plasmonic nanostructures, it is possible to generate localized heat, enabling precise control over biological processes. This technology has been applied in areas such as photothermal therapy, drug delivery, and biosensing. For instance, thermoplasmonics has been used to study temperature-induced changes in transmembrane potentials, activate heat shock proteins, and modulate cell differentiation. It has also been employed in photothermal therapy for cancer treatment, with promising results in prostate cancer. Additionally, thermoplasmonics has been used to study membrane repair and fusion, as well as to manipulate biomimetic systems. The ability to generate localized heat has also been used to study protein denaturation and thermal control of RNA and DNA hybridization. Furthermore, thermoplasmonics has been applied in the detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA and in the rapid amplification of DNA through nano-PCR. The review also discusses the potential of thermoplasmonics in future applications, including the development of smart therapeutic particles and the expansion of photothermal therapy to other diseases. The review emphasizes the importance of further research in this field to improve clinical applications and expand the range of possible uses.