Biological Identifications Through DNA Barcodes

Biological Identifications Through DNA Barcodes

2012 | Hassan A. I. Ramadan and Nabih A. Baeshen
This chapter discusses the use of DNA barcodes for biological identifications, focusing on the mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) as a core component of a global bio-identification system for animals. The authors highlight the importance of species identification in food quality control, disease detection, and biodiversity conservation. They review various analytical methods, including protein analysis and molecular biology techniques, emphasizing the advantages of DNA barcoding for its speed, accuracy, and broad applicability. The chapter details the materials and methods used, including DNA purification, PCR amplification, sequence analysis, and phylogenetic analysis. Specific fragments of mitochondrial ribosomal RNA from Egyptian buffalo, mites, and birds are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of DNA barcoding. The results section presents the positional entropy plot of the D-loop region, Bayesian and maximum parsimony phylogenetic trees, and the detection of polymorphic sites in the COI and ITS regions. The discussion section explores the evolution of DNA barcoding and its role in phylogenetic studies, highlighting the practical benefits of DNA barcoding in various fields such as biomedicine, agriculture, and environmental assays. It also addresses the challenges and limitations of DNA barcoding, particularly in plant species, and the potential of DNA barcoding in biodiversity inventories and forensic science. The authors conclude by emphasizing the importance of DNA barcoding in advancing biological research and conservation efforts, while acknowledging the ongoing development and refinement of the technology.This chapter discusses the use of DNA barcodes for biological identifications, focusing on the mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) as a core component of a global bio-identification system for animals. The authors highlight the importance of species identification in food quality control, disease detection, and biodiversity conservation. They review various analytical methods, including protein analysis and molecular biology techniques, emphasizing the advantages of DNA barcoding for its speed, accuracy, and broad applicability. The chapter details the materials and methods used, including DNA purification, PCR amplification, sequence analysis, and phylogenetic analysis. Specific fragments of mitochondrial ribosomal RNA from Egyptian buffalo, mites, and birds are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of DNA barcoding. The results section presents the positional entropy plot of the D-loop region, Bayesian and maximum parsimony phylogenetic trees, and the detection of polymorphic sites in the COI and ITS regions. The discussion section explores the evolution of DNA barcoding and its role in phylogenetic studies, highlighting the practical benefits of DNA barcoding in various fields such as biomedicine, agriculture, and environmental assays. It also addresses the challenges and limitations of DNA barcoding, particularly in plant species, and the potential of DNA barcoding in biodiversity inventories and forensic science. The authors conclude by emphasizing the importance of DNA barcoding in advancing biological research and conservation efforts, while acknowledging the ongoing development and refinement of the technology.
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