This review article provides an in-depth analysis of the biology of bone tissue, focusing on the structure, function, and factors that influence bone cells. Bone tissue is a dynamic organ that undergoes continuous remodeling through the actions of bone cells, including osteoclasts (resorption), osteoblasts (formation), and osteocytes (mechanosensors and orchestrators). The process is regulated by both local and systemic factors, such as growth factors, cytokines, and hormones, which contribute to bone homeostasis. Imbalances in bone resorption and formation can lead to bone diseases like osteoporosis. Recent studies have highlighted the intricate communication among bone cells, with osteoclasts and osteoblasts interacting to couple resorption and formation. Osteocytes produce factors that influence osteoblast and osteoclast activities, and their apoptosis triggers osteoclastic bone resorption. The review also discusses the role of estrogen in bone tissue under physiological and pathological conditions, as well as the endocrine functions of bone tissue, such as the regulation of phosphate metabolism and immune system interactions. Overall, the article emphasizes the complexity and dynamic nature of bone tissue, highlighting the importance of understanding the interactions between bone cells and the bone matrix for maintaining bone health.This review article provides an in-depth analysis of the biology of bone tissue, focusing on the structure, function, and factors that influence bone cells. Bone tissue is a dynamic organ that undergoes continuous remodeling through the actions of bone cells, including osteoclasts (resorption), osteoblasts (formation), and osteocytes (mechanosensors and orchestrators). The process is regulated by both local and systemic factors, such as growth factors, cytokines, and hormones, which contribute to bone homeostasis. Imbalances in bone resorption and formation can lead to bone diseases like osteoporosis. Recent studies have highlighted the intricate communication among bone cells, with osteoclasts and osteoblasts interacting to couple resorption and formation. Osteocytes produce factors that influence osteoblast and osteoclast activities, and their apoptosis triggers osteoclastic bone resorption. The review also discusses the role of estrogen in bone tissue under physiological and pathological conditions, as well as the endocrine functions of bone tissue, such as the regulation of phosphate metabolism and immune system interactions. Overall, the article emphasizes the complexity and dynamic nature of bone tissue, highlighting the importance of understanding the interactions between bone cells and the bone matrix for maintaining bone health.