Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common and severe condition with high mortality rates, often associated with significant morbidity. Current diagnostic tools like serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen are insensitive and delayed, leading to poor clinical outcomes. The development of sensitive, specific biomarkers and high-throughput technologies is crucial for early diagnosis and effective management of AKI. Biomarkers such as KIM-1, NGAL, IL-18, Cystatin-C, clusterin, FABP, and osteopontin have shown promise in detecting AKI. However, a single biomarker may not be sufficient due to the heterogeneity of kidney injury. Future research should focus on validating these biomarkers in large, well-designed studies and developing technologies for rapid detection and quantification. Biomarkers have the potential to revolutionize the diagnosis and treatment of AKI.Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common and severe condition with high mortality rates, often associated with significant morbidity. Current diagnostic tools like serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen are insensitive and delayed, leading to poor clinical outcomes. The development of sensitive, specific biomarkers and high-throughput technologies is crucial for early diagnosis and effective management of AKI. Biomarkers such as KIM-1, NGAL, IL-18, Cystatin-C, clusterin, FABP, and osteopontin have shown promise in detecting AKI. However, a single biomarker may not be sufficient due to the heterogeneity of kidney injury. Future research should focus on validating these biomarkers in large, well-designed studies and developing technologies for rapid detection and quantification. Biomarkers have the potential to revolutionize the diagnosis and treatment of AKI.