Biomass energy and biofuels are crucial for the energy transition, offering sustainable alternatives to fossil fuels. This review highlights the potential of biomass in meeting current and future energy demands, emphasizing its role in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and promoting environmental sustainability. Biomass, a renewable resource, can be converted into various biofuels such as bioethanol, biodiesel, biogas, and biomethane through biochemical and thermochemical processes. These biofuels not only reduce reliance on fossil fuels but also contribute to economic growth and job creation in agriculture and industry. However, challenges such as competition with food resources, land use, and the need for efficient conversion technologies must be addressed to ensure sustainable biofuel production. The review discusses the different generations of biofuels, from first-generation biofuels derived from food crops to fourth-generation biofuels using genetic engineering. It also examines the environmental and economic impacts of biofuel production, emphasizing the need for innovative strategies to enhance efficiency and reduce costs. The paper concludes that biomass and biofuels play a vital role in achieving a sustainable energy future, but further research and development are necessary to overcome existing challenges and maximize their potential.Biomass energy and biofuels are crucial for the energy transition, offering sustainable alternatives to fossil fuels. This review highlights the potential of biomass in meeting current and future energy demands, emphasizing its role in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and promoting environmental sustainability. Biomass, a renewable resource, can be converted into various biofuels such as bioethanol, biodiesel, biogas, and biomethane through biochemical and thermochemical processes. These biofuels not only reduce reliance on fossil fuels but also contribute to economic growth and job creation in agriculture and industry. However, challenges such as competition with food resources, land use, and the need for efficient conversion technologies must be addressed to ensure sustainable biofuel production. The review discusses the different generations of biofuels, from first-generation biofuels derived from food crops to fourth-generation biofuels using genetic engineering. It also examines the environmental and economic impacts of biofuel production, emphasizing the need for innovative strategies to enhance efficiency and reduce costs. The paper concludes that biomass and biofuels play a vital role in achieving a sustainable energy future, but further research and development are necessary to overcome existing challenges and maximize their potential.