Advanced periodontitis poses a significant threat to oral health, causing extensive damage to both hard and soft periodontal tissues. Traditional therapies like scaling and root planing can halt disease progression but often fail to fully restore original tissue architecture and function due to limited spontaneous regeneration. Periodontal tissue engineering, which utilizes biomaterial scaffolds, has emerged as a promising approach to address this challenge. These scaffolds function as 3D templates or frameworks, supporting and guiding the regeneration of periodontal tissues, including the periodontal ligament, cementum, alveolar bone, and gingival tissue. They mimic the extracellular matrix (ECM) of native periodontal tissues to foster cell attachment, proliferation, differentiation, and the formation of new, functional periodontal structures. The review covers recent advancements in biomaterial scaffolds engineered for periodontal tissue regeneration, highlighting their efficacy in both in vitro and in vivo settings. It discusses the role of biomaterial scaffolds in periodontal tissue engineering, including their fabrication techniques and the integration of bioactive molecules and stem cells. The review also explores the potential of natural and synthetic biomaterials, such as collagen, silk fibroin, gelatin, cellulose, alginate, chitosan, bioceramics, synthetic polymers, metals, and alloys, in promoting periodontal tissue regeneration. Key advancements include the use of 3D printing for precise control over scaffold properties, the integration of bioactive cues like growth factors and signaling molecules, and the development of hydrogels with tailored mechanical properties and biodegradability. These innovations aim to enhance the regenerative outcomes and improve the clinical applicability of biomaterial scaffolds in periodontal tissue engineering.Advanced periodontitis poses a significant threat to oral health, causing extensive damage to both hard and soft periodontal tissues. Traditional therapies like scaling and root planing can halt disease progression but often fail to fully restore original tissue architecture and function due to limited spontaneous regeneration. Periodontal tissue engineering, which utilizes biomaterial scaffolds, has emerged as a promising approach to address this challenge. These scaffolds function as 3D templates or frameworks, supporting and guiding the regeneration of periodontal tissues, including the periodontal ligament, cementum, alveolar bone, and gingival tissue. They mimic the extracellular matrix (ECM) of native periodontal tissues to foster cell attachment, proliferation, differentiation, and the formation of new, functional periodontal structures. The review covers recent advancements in biomaterial scaffolds engineered for periodontal tissue regeneration, highlighting their efficacy in both in vitro and in vivo settings. It discusses the role of biomaterial scaffolds in periodontal tissue engineering, including their fabrication techniques and the integration of bioactive molecules and stem cells. The review also explores the potential of natural and synthetic biomaterials, such as collagen, silk fibroin, gelatin, cellulose, alginate, chitosan, bioceramics, synthetic polymers, metals, and alloys, in promoting periodontal tissue regeneration. Key advancements include the use of 3D printing for precise control over scaffold properties, the integration of bioactive cues like growth factors and signaling molecules, and the development of hydrogels with tailored mechanical properties and biodegradability. These innovations aim to enhance the regenerative outcomes and improve the clinical applicability of biomaterial scaffolds in periodontal tissue engineering.