Biomaterial scaffolds are crucial in periodontal tissue engineering, offering a three-dimensional structure that supports and guides the regeneration of periodontal tissues such as the periodontal ligament, cementum, alveolar bone, and gingival tissue. These scaffolds mimic the extracellular matrix (ECM) of native tissues, promoting cell attachment, proliferation, and differentiation. Despite challenges in preclinical testing, advancements in biomaterial scaffolds and fabrication technologies are expanding their applications in periodontal regeneration. This review discusses recent developments in biomaterial scaffolds for periodontal tissue regeneration, their roles in tissue engineering, and future directions. Key functions of biomaterial scaffolds include providing a 3D structure, supporting cell growth and differentiation, enhancing vascularization, modulating immune responses, guiding tissue regeneration, delivering growth factors, providing mechanical support, and enabling personalization. Natural and synthetic biomaterials, such as collagen, silk fibroin, gelatin, alginate, chitosan, and bioceramics like hydroxyapatite and β-tricalcium phosphate, are used in periodontal tissue engineering. Synthetic polymers, metals, and alloys also play significant roles, offering mechanical strength and biocompatibility. The review highlights the potential of these materials in promoting periodontal regeneration and addressing the challenges of periodontal disease. Advances in fabrication techniques, such as 3D printing, are enabling the development of tailored scaffolds with controlled properties for optimal tissue regeneration. The integration of bioactive molecules, stem cells, and advanced materials is enhancing the effectiveness of periodontal tissue engineering. Overall, biomaterial scaffolds are promising tools for restoring periodontal tissues and improving oral health.Biomaterial scaffolds are crucial in periodontal tissue engineering, offering a three-dimensional structure that supports and guides the regeneration of periodontal tissues such as the periodontal ligament, cementum, alveolar bone, and gingival tissue. These scaffolds mimic the extracellular matrix (ECM) of native tissues, promoting cell attachment, proliferation, and differentiation. Despite challenges in preclinical testing, advancements in biomaterial scaffolds and fabrication technologies are expanding their applications in periodontal regeneration. This review discusses recent developments in biomaterial scaffolds for periodontal tissue regeneration, their roles in tissue engineering, and future directions. Key functions of biomaterial scaffolds include providing a 3D structure, supporting cell growth and differentiation, enhancing vascularization, modulating immune responses, guiding tissue regeneration, delivering growth factors, providing mechanical support, and enabling personalization. Natural and synthetic biomaterials, such as collagen, silk fibroin, gelatin, alginate, chitosan, and bioceramics like hydroxyapatite and β-tricalcium phosphate, are used in periodontal tissue engineering. Synthetic polymers, metals, and alloys also play significant roles, offering mechanical strength and biocompatibility. The review highlights the potential of these materials in promoting periodontal regeneration and addressing the challenges of periodontal disease. Advances in fabrication techniques, such as 3D printing, are enabling the development of tailored scaffolds with controlled properties for optimal tissue regeneration. The integration of bioactive molecules, stem cells, and advanced materials is enhancing the effectiveness of periodontal tissue engineering. Overall, biomaterial scaffolds are promising tools for restoring periodontal tissues and improving oral health.