The article "Biomaterials for Extrusion-Based Bioprinting and Biomedical Applications" by Rossi et al. provides a comprehensive overview of the field of bioprinting, focusing on extrusion-based bioprinting (MEX-bioprinting). Bioprinting is an additive manufacturing technique used to create bio-engineered structures, often mimicking biological tissues, organs, and cells. The article highlights the challenges and advancements in MEX-bioprinting, including the deposition of biomaterials with living cells or the addition of cells post-printing. Key technologies in bioprinting include material-jetting, laser-assisted, vat-photopolymerization, and extrusion-based methods. Among these, extrusion-based bioprinting is highlighted for its ability to use diverse materials and technologies, making it suitable for developing tissues for drug development, manufacturing human organs, and facilitating tissue regeneration. The article discusses the historical background of MEX-bioprinting, from the introduction of stereolithography in 1984 to the development of commercial bioprinters and the creation of complex constructs like vascular networks and solid fibers. It also emphasizes the importance of biocompatible materials and the need for biodegradability in tissue engineering scaffolds. The paper then delves into the materials used in extrusion-based bioprinting, such as alginate, gellan gum, agarose, gelatin, collagen, and decellularized scaffolds. Each material is described in terms of its properties, applications, and challenges in bioprinting. For example, alginate is noted for its biocompatibility and mild gelation process, while collagen is studied for its ability to form fibrous hydrogels. The article also covers the development of commercial and custom MEX-based bioprinters, highlighting the advantages and limitations of each approach. Commercial machines offer high accuracy and state-of-the-art solutions, while custom solutions provide more flexibility and control over hardware and software. Finally, the article discusses process variables and control strategies in MEX-bioprinting, including pressure, temperature, and nozzle geometry. These variables are crucial for ensuring cell viability and the desired mechanical and biological properties of the printed constructs. The article concludes by emphasizing the ongoing challenges and future directions in the field of MEX-bioprinting, particularly in achieving higher accuracy, resolution, and stability in the printing of complex microstructures.The article "Biomaterials for Extrusion-Based Bioprinting and Biomedical Applications" by Rossi et al. provides a comprehensive overview of the field of bioprinting, focusing on extrusion-based bioprinting (MEX-bioprinting). Bioprinting is an additive manufacturing technique used to create bio-engineered structures, often mimicking biological tissues, organs, and cells. The article highlights the challenges and advancements in MEX-bioprinting, including the deposition of biomaterials with living cells or the addition of cells post-printing. Key technologies in bioprinting include material-jetting, laser-assisted, vat-photopolymerization, and extrusion-based methods. Among these, extrusion-based bioprinting is highlighted for its ability to use diverse materials and technologies, making it suitable for developing tissues for drug development, manufacturing human organs, and facilitating tissue regeneration. The article discusses the historical background of MEX-bioprinting, from the introduction of stereolithography in 1984 to the development of commercial bioprinters and the creation of complex constructs like vascular networks and solid fibers. It also emphasizes the importance of biocompatible materials and the need for biodegradability in tissue engineering scaffolds. The paper then delves into the materials used in extrusion-based bioprinting, such as alginate, gellan gum, agarose, gelatin, collagen, and decellularized scaffolds. Each material is described in terms of its properties, applications, and challenges in bioprinting. For example, alginate is noted for its biocompatibility and mild gelation process, while collagen is studied for its ability to form fibrous hydrogels. The article also covers the development of commercial and custom MEX-based bioprinters, highlighting the advantages and limitations of each approach. Commercial machines offer high accuracy and state-of-the-art solutions, while custom solutions provide more flexibility and control over hardware and software. Finally, the article discusses process variables and control strategies in MEX-bioprinting, including pressure, temperature, and nozzle geometry. These variables are crucial for ensuring cell viability and the desired mechanical and biological properties of the printed constructs. The article concludes by emphasizing the ongoing challenges and future directions in the field of MEX-bioprinting, particularly in achieving higher accuracy, resolution, and stability in the printing of complex microstructures.