Peri-implantitis is a bacterial infection that causes soft tissue inflammation and alveolar bone resorption, leading to implant failure. Dental implants, which lack antibacterial properties, are prone to bacterial colonization and biofilm formation, major causes of peri-implantitis. Current treatment strategies, such as mechanical debridement and antibiotic therapy, focus on removing dental plaque but do not prevent the occurrence of peri-implantitis. Therefore, research has shifted towards improving the antibacterial properties of dental implants through various surface engineering strategies, including constructing specific micro-nano textures, introducing functional coatings, and using materials with intrinsic antibacterial properties. These antibacterial surfaces can be enhanced with bioactive molecules, metallic nanoparticles, or other functional components to improve osteogenic properties and accelerate healing. This review summarizes recent advancements in biomaterial science and surface engineering strategies applied to dental implants to inhibit biofilm formation and facilitate bone-implant integration. It also discusses the challenges in translating laboratory research into clinical products and proposes future research directions to balance antibacterial efficacy, biological safety, and osteogenic properties.Peri-implantitis is a bacterial infection that causes soft tissue inflammation and alveolar bone resorption, leading to implant failure. Dental implants, which lack antibacterial properties, are prone to bacterial colonization and biofilm formation, major causes of peri-implantitis. Current treatment strategies, such as mechanical debridement and antibiotic therapy, focus on removing dental plaque but do not prevent the occurrence of peri-implantitis. Therefore, research has shifted towards improving the antibacterial properties of dental implants through various surface engineering strategies, including constructing specific micro-nano textures, introducing functional coatings, and using materials with intrinsic antibacterial properties. These antibacterial surfaces can be enhanced with bioactive molecules, metallic nanoparticles, or other functional components to improve osteogenic properties and accelerate healing. This review summarizes recent advancements in biomaterial science and surface engineering strategies applied to dental implants to inhibit biofilm formation and facilitate bone-implant integration. It also discusses the challenges in translating laboratory research into clinical products and proposes future research directions to balance antibacterial efficacy, biological safety, and osteogenic properties.