Biopolymeric nanocomposites are emerging as effective solutions for wastewater remediation due to their enhanced physicochemical and mechanical properties. This review highlights recent advancements in biopolymeric nanocomposites, focusing on their applications in removing contaminants like heavy metals, dyes, antibiotics, and organic pollutants. Biopolymers such as chitosan, alginate, and pectin are commonly used due to their biodegradability, biocompatibility, and functional groups that facilitate adsorption and filtration. These nanocomposites offer advantages such as high surface area, selective adsorption, and reusability, making them suitable for sustainable water treatment. The synthesis methods include template synthesis, melt intercalation, solution intercalation, and in situ intercalation, each contributing to the development of nanocomposites with tailored properties. The properties of biopolymeric nanocomposites include enhanced mechanical strength, high surface area, biodegradability, tailored porosity, chemical stability, and selective adsorption. These materials are applied as filtration membranes and adsorbents in wastewater treatment, demonstrating effectiveness in removing pollutants such as heavy metals, dyes, and antibiotics. Recent studies show that biopolymeric nanocomposites can achieve high removal efficiencies, with some membranes exhibiting over 90% removal of contaminants. The mechanisms of action include adsorption, ion exchange, and selective binding, while challenges such as cost, scalability, and long-term stability remain areas for further research. Overall, biopolymeric nanocomposites represent a promising approach for sustainable and efficient wastewater remediation.Biopolymeric nanocomposites are emerging as effective solutions for wastewater remediation due to their enhanced physicochemical and mechanical properties. This review highlights recent advancements in biopolymeric nanocomposites, focusing on their applications in removing contaminants like heavy metals, dyes, antibiotics, and organic pollutants. Biopolymers such as chitosan, alginate, and pectin are commonly used due to their biodegradability, biocompatibility, and functional groups that facilitate adsorption and filtration. These nanocomposites offer advantages such as high surface area, selective adsorption, and reusability, making them suitable for sustainable water treatment. The synthesis methods include template synthesis, melt intercalation, solution intercalation, and in situ intercalation, each contributing to the development of nanocomposites with tailored properties. The properties of biopolymeric nanocomposites include enhanced mechanical strength, high surface area, biodegradability, tailored porosity, chemical stability, and selective adsorption. These materials are applied as filtration membranes and adsorbents in wastewater treatment, demonstrating effectiveness in removing pollutants such as heavy metals, dyes, and antibiotics. Recent studies show that biopolymeric nanocomposites can achieve high removal efficiencies, with some membranes exhibiting over 90% removal of contaminants. The mechanisms of action include adsorption, ion exchange, and selective binding, while challenges such as cost, scalability, and long-term stability remain areas for further research. Overall, biopolymeric nanocomposites represent a promising approach for sustainable and efficient wastewater remediation.