This review article discusses the bioremediation of heavy metals (HMs) by marine microorganisms, focusing on the sources and influences of HMs, the role of marine microorganisms in HMs bioremediation, and the microbial mechanisms for HMs detoxification and transformation. The primary goals are to outline various studies and provide helpful information about the most important aspects of bioelimination techniques. The biotreatment practices are divided into three techniques: biosorption, bioaccumulation, bioleaching, and biotransformation. The article highlights the potential of marine microorganisms, such as bacteria, fungi, and microalgae, in removing HMs from industrial and urban effluents. It also addresses critical issues and recent studies on HMs biodetoxification using aquatic microorganisms. The review emphasizes the adaptability and specialized habitats of marine microorganisms, which make them valuable for bioremediation. The article provides a comprehensive overview of the current research and advancements in the field, aiming to foster sustainable environmental practices.This review article discusses the bioremediation of heavy metals (HMs) by marine microorganisms, focusing on the sources and influences of HMs, the role of marine microorganisms in HMs bioremediation, and the microbial mechanisms for HMs detoxification and transformation. The primary goals are to outline various studies and provide helpful information about the most important aspects of bioelimination techniques. The biotreatment practices are divided into three techniques: biosorption, bioaccumulation, bioleaching, and biotransformation. The article highlights the potential of marine microorganisms, such as bacteria, fungi, and microalgae, in removing HMs from industrial and urban effluents. It also addresses critical issues and recent studies on HMs biodetoxification using aquatic microorganisms. The review emphasizes the adaptability and specialized habitats of marine microorganisms, which make them valuable for bioremediation. The article provides a comprehensive overview of the current research and advancements in the field, aiming to foster sustainable environmental practices.