The article reviews the recent advancements in understanding the genus *Blautia*, a group of anaerobic bacteria with potential probiotic properties. *Blautia* has been reclassified from the genera *Clostridium* and *Ruminococcus* based on phenotypic and phylogenetic analyses, and currently includes 20 validly published species. The article discusses the morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics of *Blautia* species, highlighting their strict anaerobic nature, non-motility, and ability to utilize various carbohydrates. Comparative genomic analysis reveals an open pan-genome with a core set of genes involved in translation, ribosomal structure, and biogenesis, as well as unique genes related to carbohydrate metabolism and stress response. The effects of diet, age, and geography on the abundance of *Blautia* are also explored, showing that these factors significantly influence the composition of the intestinal microbiota. The article further discusses the physiological functions of *Blautia*, including biotransformation of bioactive substances, production of secondary metabolites, and interactions with other microorganisms. The relationship between *Blautia* and host health is examined, particularly in the context of obesity-related diseases, inflammatory diseases, and metabolic disorders. Despite the potential probiotic benefits, the causal relationship between *Blautia* abundance and health outcomes remains unclear, and more research is needed to fully understand its role in maintaining host health.The article reviews the recent advancements in understanding the genus *Blautia*, a group of anaerobic bacteria with potential probiotic properties. *Blautia* has been reclassified from the genera *Clostridium* and *Ruminococcus* based on phenotypic and phylogenetic analyses, and currently includes 20 validly published species. The article discusses the morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics of *Blautia* species, highlighting their strict anaerobic nature, non-motility, and ability to utilize various carbohydrates. Comparative genomic analysis reveals an open pan-genome with a core set of genes involved in translation, ribosomal structure, and biogenesis, as well as unique genes related to carbohydrate metabolism and stress response. The effects of diet, age, and geography on the abundance of *Blautia* are also explored, showing that these factors significantly influence the composition of the intestinal microbiota. The article further discusses the physiological functions of *Blautia*, including biotransformation of bioactive substances, production of secondary metabolites, and interactions with other microorganisms. The relationship between *Blautia* and host health is examined, particularly in the context of obesity-related diseases, inflammatory diseases, and metabolic disorders. Despite the potential probiotic benefits, the causal relationship between *Blautia* abundance and health outcomes remains unclear, and more research is needed to fully understand its role in maintaining host health.