This study explores the factors influencing the adoption of blockchain technology in the context of smart grids, particularly in Pakistan. The research is grounded in the Technology Organization Environment (TOE) framework and uses Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) to analyze the data. The study aims to understand the decision-making factors that drive the intention to adopt blockchain technology for energy trading systems in Pakistan. The key findings indicate that: 1. **Innovativeness**: Positively influences the intention to use blockchain technology and upper management support. 2. **Traceability**: Positively influences upper management support and cost-saving. 3. **Relative Advantage**: Positively influences the intention to use blockchain technology, upper management support, and cost-saving. 4. **Upper Management Support**: Positively influences the intention to use blockchain technology and cost-saving. 5. **Cost Saving**: Positively influences the intention to use blockchain technology. 6. **Regulatory Support**: Positively influences the intention to use blockchain technology. 7. **Competitive Pressure**: Does not significantly influence the intention to use blockchain technology. The study suggests that while blockchain technology can enhance energy efficiency, transparency, and security, its adoption in the energy sector is still in its early stages. The findings provide insights for practitioners and policymakers to better understand the drivers of blockchain adoption and guide the development of best practices for implementing blockchain technology in smart grids.This study explores the factors influencing the adoption of blockchain technology in the context of smart grids, particularly in Pakistan. The research is grounded in the Technology Organization Environment (TOE) framework and uses Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) to analyze the data. The study aims to understand the decision-making factors that drive the intention to adopt blockchain technology for energy trading systems in Pakistan. The key findings indicate that: 1. **Innovativeness**: Positively influences the intention to use blockchain technology and upper management support. 2. **Traceability**: Positively influences upper management support and cost-saving. 3. **Relative Advantage**: Positively influences the intention to use blockchain technology, upper management support, and cost-saving. 4. **Upper Management Support**: Positively influences the intention to use blockchain technology and cost-saving. 5. **Cost Saving**: Positively influences the intention to use blockchain technology. 6. **Regulatory Support**: Positively influences the intention to use blockchain technology. 7. **Competitive Pressure**: Does not significantly influence the intention to use blockchain technology. The study suggests that while blockchain technology can enhance energy efficiency, transparency, and security, its adoption in the energy sector is still in its early stages. The findings provide insights for practitioners and policymakers to better understand the drivers of blockchain adoption and guide the development of best practices for implementing blockchain technology in smart grids.