This article introduces blockchain technologies, including their benefits, challenges, and applications in the biomedical and healthcare domains. It begins by explaining the Bitcoin cryptocurrency and the underlying blockchain technology, highlighting its decentralized nature and solution to the double-spending problem through hash-chain timestamping and proof-of-work algorithms. The article then discusses alternative blockchain technologies and their applications beyond financial domains, such as smart properties and contracts. It emphasizes the benefits of blockchain for biomedical and healthcare applications, including decentralized management, immutable audit trails, data provenance, robustness, and improved security and privacy. The article also reviews recent applications of blockchain in improving medical record management, enhancing insurance claim processes, accelerating clinical and biomedical research, and advancing data ledgers. Finally, it addresses potential challenges and proposed solutions for adopting blockchain in these domains, such as transparency, confidentiality, speed, scalability, and the threat of 51% attacks.This article introduces blockchain technologies, including their benefits, challenges, and applications in the biomedical and healthcare domains. It begins by explaining the Bitcoin cryptocurrency and the underlying blockchain technology, highlighting its decentralized nature and solution to the double-spending problem through hash-chain timestamping and proof-of-work algorithms. The article then discusses alternative blockchain technologies and their applications beyond financial domains, such as smart properties and contracts. It emphasizes the benefits of blockchain for biomedical and healthcare applications, including decentralized management, immutable audit trails, data provenance, robustness, and improved security and privacy. The article also reviews recent applications of blockchain in improving medical record management, enhancing insurance claim processes, accelerating clinical and biomedical research, and advancing data ledgers. Finally, it addresses potential challenges and proposed solutions for adopting blockchain in these domains, such as transparency, confidentiality, speed, scalability, and the threat of 51% attacks.