Since January 2020, Elsevier has created a free COVID-19 resource center with English and Mandarin information on the novel coronavirus. The center is hosted on Elsevier Connect, a public news and information website. Elsevier grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research immediately available in PubMed Central and other public repositories for unrestricted reuse and analysis with proper attribution. This paper reviews 178 articles on blockchain applications in supply chain (SC) operations, highlighting opportunities, societal impacts, current technologies, trends, and challenges. It examines various sectors like shipping, manufacturing, automotive, aviation, finance, technology, energy, healthcare, agriculture, and e-commerce, showing how blockchain can enhance visibility and business process management. The paper outlines a future research agenda for blockchain in SC. Blockchain is a decentralized, distributed ledger technology with features like transparency, security, and immutability. It enables secure, transparent, and efficient transactions, reducing costs and fraud. Blockchain can be used in various SC functions such as provenance, resilience, reengineering, security, and product management. It improves data integrity, reduces errors, and enhances trust among stakeholders. Blockchain has been applied in various sectors, including finance, technology, manufacturing, shipping, automotive, energy, healthcare, agriculture, and food. It enables secure transactions, improves data management, and enhances transparency. In finance, blockchain can streamline payments and credit management. In healthcare, it can improve data security and drug traceability. In agriculture and food, it can ensure product authenticity and reduce adulteration. Blockchain technology has the potential to transform SC operations by improving efficiency, reducing costs, and enhancing transparency. However, challenges such as usability, security, privacy, and cost remain. The paper suggests future research directions to address these challenges and further explore blockchain's potential in SC. Blockchain's integration with IoT and other technologies can enhance SC operations, making them more secure, efficient, and transparent.Since January 2020, Elsevier has created a free COVID-19 resource center with English and Mandarin information on the novel coronavirus. The center is hosted on Elsevier Connect, a public news and information website. Elsevier grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research immediately available in PubMed Central and other public repositories for unrestricted reuse and analysis with proper attribution. This paper reviews 178 articles on blockchain applications in supply chain (SC) operations, highlighting opportunities, societal impacts, current technologies, trends, and challenges. It examines various sectors like shipping, manufacturing, automotive, aviation, finance, technology, energy, healthcare, agriculture, and e-commerce, showing how blockchain can enhance visibility and business process management. The paper outlines a future research agenda for blockchain in SC. Blockchain is a decentralized, distributed ledger technology with features like transparency, security, and immutability. It enables secure, transparent, and efficient transactions, reducing costs and fraud. Blockchain can be used in various SC functions such as provenance, resilience, reengineering, security, and product management. It improves data integrity, reduces errors, and enhances trust among stakeholders. Blockchain has been applied in various sectors, including finance, technology, manufacturing, shipping, automotive, energy, healthcare, agriculture, and food. It enables secure transactions, improves data management, and enhances transparency. In finance, blockchain can streamline payments and credit management. In healthcare, it can improve data security and drug traceability. In agriculture and food, it can ensure product authenticity and reduce adulteration. Blockchain technology has the potential to transform SC operations by improving efficiency, reducing costs, and enhancing transparency. However, challenges such as usability, security, privacy, and cost remain. The paper suggests future research directions to address these challenges and further explore blockchain's potential in SC. Blockchain's integration with IoT and other technologies can enhance SC operations, making them more secure, efficient, and transparent.