12 Jun 2024 | Kang Hyeon Kim, Jeong Hyeon Kim, Yu Jin Ko, Han Eol Lee
This article discusses the development of body-attachable multifunctional electronic skins (e-skins) for bio-signal monitoring and therapeutic applications. The e-skin systems are designed to monitor various bio-signals such as heart rate, blood pressure, blood sugar, electromyography, and body temperature, enabling early diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of diseases. These systems can also manage chronic diseases by continuously monitoring personal health status and providing personalized healthcare solutions. The e-skin systems are made of flexible and stretchable materials, allowing them to conform to the skin surface and provide accurate bio-signal sensing. The e-skin systems can be integrated with additional features such as biodegradable materials, wireless power generators, and medicine actuators. The e-skin systems have been developed to enhance personal healthcare platforms by collecting various bio-signals in real time, such as heart rate, blood pressure, saliva, and sweat. These systems can wirelessly transmit this data between users and medical institutions, enabling the sharing of individual medical records with healthcare professionals for tracking disease causes, conducting medical research, and gathering diagnostic information more efficiently. The e-skin systems have been shown to enable faster and more accurate diagnoses than conventional telemedicine systems. The e-skin systems have been developed to overcome the limitations of conventional remote medical services, which often result in misdiagnoses due to reliance on fragmented symptoms and inaccurate explanations from patients. The e-skin systems have been developed to provide accurate diagnoses to patients, which is especially important to not miss the timing for appropriate medical treatments. The article also discusses the development of various e-skin systems for healthcare applications, including unit sensing components such as strain/pressure sensors and optoelectronic sensors, important features applicable in wearable sensor systems, and practical healthcare applications. The article highlights the importance of developing wearable sensors with the selectivity and high sensitivity required for each physical factor (e.g., mass, displacement, temperature, and voltage difference). The article also discusses the development of various materials for e-skin systems, including organic materials with inexpensive/simple fabrication processes and inorganic sensing materials with higher sensitivity, lower power consumption, and longer lifetimes. The article also discusses the development of various device structures, such as large-scale arrays, three-dimensional (3D) stacking, and heterogeneous integration, to overcome the physical and structural limitations of conventional devices. The article highlights the importance of developing e-skin systems with multifunctional and flexible sensing devices to achieve these goals. The article also discusses the development of various optoelectronic devices, including light-emitting diodes (LEDs), laser, optic fiber, and photodetectors, for biosensors and visualizing devices of bio-signals. The article also discusses the development of various human-device interfaces for e-skin systems to minimize skin-related issues. The article highlights the importance of developing e-skin systems with features such as electrical power sources, including energy harvesters such as solar cells, thermThis article discusses the development of body-attachable multifunctional electronic skins (e-skins) for bio-signal monitoring and therapeutic applications. The e-skin systems are designed to monitor various bio-signals such as heart rate, blood pressure, blood sugar, electromyography, and body temperature, enabling early diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of diseases. These systems can also manage chronic diseases by continuously monitoring personal health status and providing personalized healthcare solutions. The e-skin systems are made of flexible and stretchable materials, allowing them to conform to the skin surface and provide accurate bio-signal sensing. The e-skin systems can be integrated with additional features such as biodegradable materials, wireless power generators, and medicine actuators. The e-skin systems have been developed to enhance personal healthcare platforms by collecting various bio-signals in real time, such as heart rate, blood pressure, saliva, and sweat. These systems can wirelessly transmit this data between users and medical institutions, enabling the sharing of individual medical records with healthcare professionals for tracking disease causes, conducting medical research, and gathering diagnostic information more efficiently. The e-skin systems have been shown to enable faster and more accurate diagnoses than conventional telemedicine systems. The e-skin systems have been developed to overcome the limitations of conventional remote medical services, which often result in misdiagnoses due to reliance on fragmented symptoms and inaccurate explanations from patients. The e-skin systems have been developed to provide accurate diagnoses to patients, which is especially important to not miss the timing for appropriate medical treatments. The article also discusses the development of various e-skin systems for healthcare applications, including unit sensing components such as strain/pressure sensors and optoelectronic sensors, important features applicable in wearable sensor systems, and practical healthcare applications. The article highlights the importance of developing wearable sensors with the selectivity and high sensitivity required for each physical factor (e.g., mass, displacement, temperature, and voltage difference). The article also discusses the development of various materials for e-skin systems, including organic materials with inexpensive/simple fabrication processes and inorganic sensing materials with higher sensitivity, lower power consumption, and longer lifetimes. The article also discusses the development of various device structures, such as large-scale arrays, three-dimensional (3D) stacking, and heterogeneous integration, to overcome the physical and structural limitations of conventional devices. The article highlights the importance of developing e-skin systems with multifunctional and flexible sensing devices to achieve these goals. The article also discusses the development of various optoelectronic devices, including light-emitting diodes (LEDs), laser, optic fiber, and photodetectors, for biosensors and visualizing devices of bio-signals. The article also discusses the development of various human-device interfaces for e-skin systems to minimize skin-related issues. The article highlights the importance of developing e-skin systems with features such as electrical power sources, including energy harvesters such as solar cells, therm