This review discusses the current status and recent advancements in bone regeneration therapy using artificial bone materials, particularly calcium phosphate bioceramics and biodegradable polymers. Calcium phosphate-based synthetic bone, such as β-tricalcium phosphate (βTCP), carbonate apatite, and hydroxyapatite (HA), is widely used for treating bone defects caused by trauma and tumors. However, its effectiveness depends on the size and location of the defect. Alternative treatments include joint arthroplasty, autologous bone grafting, and allogeneic bone grafting. Biodegradable polymers, such as poly-L-lactic acid (PLA), polycaprolactone (PCL), and poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA), are also being developed as scaffolds for regenerative medicine. These polymers can be combined with calcium phosphate bioceramics to create composites that enhance osteoconductivity and degradation rates. The performance of these scaffolds is influenced by factors such as material properties, three-dimensional structure, added cells, and signaling molecules. The review highlights the potential of new materials like octacalcium phosphate (OCP) and biologically derived polymers, and discusses the challenges and future directions in bone regeneration therapy.This review discusses the current status and recent advancements in bone regeneration therapy using artificial bone materials, particularly calcium phosphate bioceramics and biodegradable polymers. Calcium phosphate-based synthetic bone, such as β-tricalcium phosphate (βTCP), carbonate apatite, and hydroxyapatite (HA), is widely used for treating bone defects caused by trauma and tumors. However, its effectiveness depends on the size and location of the defect. Alternative treatments include joint arthroplasty, autologous bone grafting, and allogeneic bone grafting. Biodegradable polymers, such as poly-L-lactic acid (PLA), polycaprolactone (PCL), and poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA), are also being developed as scaffolds for regenerative medicine. These polymers can be combined with calcium phosphate bioceramics to create composites that enhance osteoconductivity and degradation rates. The performance of these scaffolds is influenced by factors such as material properties, three-dimensional structure, added cells, and signaling molecules. The review highlights the potential of new materials like octacalcium phosphate (OCP) and biologically derived polymers, and discusses the challenges and future directions in bone regeneration therapy.