The article provides an overview of the current state and future trends in bone tissue engineering (TE). Despite significant advancements in bone regenerative medicine, therapies like bone grafts still have limitations, and no adequate bone substitute has been developed. Tissue Engineering (TE) has emerged as a promising approach to address these challenges by focusing on the understanding of tissue formation and regeneration rather than just implanting spare parts. The review covers the components necessary for successful bone TE, including bone biology, scaffolds, cells, and tissue engineering strategies. It highlights the importance of scaffolds, which must have biocompatibility, porosity, appropriate pore size, surface properties, osteoinductivity, and mechanical properties. Various processing techniques for creating scaffolds, such as solvent casting, phase inversion, fiber bonding, melt-based technologies, high-pressure processing, freeze-drying, and rapid prototyping, are discussed. The article also explores the use of different cell sources, including osteoblasts and stem cells, for bone TE, emphasizing the potential of adult stem cells, particularly Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs), due to their high proliferation and differentiation capabilities.The article provides an overview of the current state and future trends in bone tissue engineering (TE). Despite significant advancements in bone regenerative medicine, therapies like bone grafts still have limitations, and no adequate bone substitute has been developed. Tissue Engineering (TE) has emerged as a promising approach to address these challenges by focusing on the understanding of tissue formation and regeneration rather than just implanting spare parts. The review covers the components necessary for successful bone TE, including bone biology, scaffolds, cells, and tissue engineering strategies. It highlights the importance of scaffolds, which must have biocompatibility, porosity, appropriate pore size, surface properties, osteoinductivity, and mechanical properties. Various processing techniques for creating scaffolds, such as solvent casting, phase inversion, fiber bonding, melt-based technologies, high-pressure processing, freeze-drying, and rapid prototyping, are discussed. The article also explores the use of different cell sources, including osteoblasts and stem cells, for bone TE, emphasizing the potential of adult stem cells, particularly Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs), due to their high proliferation and differentiation capabilities.