The article explores the concept of Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) through an evolutionary framework, specifically behavioral ecology and Life History Theory (LHT). BPD is characterized by emotion dysregulation, impulsivity, risk-taking, irritability, feelings of emptiness, self-injury, and unstable interpersonal relationships. The author argues that many features of BPD can be understood within the context of a pathological extreme or distortion of a behavioral strategy aimed at immediate resource exploitation based on early developmental experiences. This perspective challenges traditional deficit-oriented models and suggests that some symptoms may improve over time without therapy, though social functioning and interpersonal issues often persist. The article discusses the comorbidity of BPD with other disorders, such as depression and bipolar disorder, and the ongoing debate about the nosological position of BPD. It highlights the counterintuitive nature of BPD, where depressive symptoms and risk-taking behaviors can co-occur in the same individual. The author also addresses the controversy surrounding sex differences in the prevalence and clinical presentation of BPD. The review delves into the neuropsychology, personality traits, interpersonal behavior, neuroimaging findings, and genetics of BPD, supporting the idea that BPD reflects a pathological variant of a fast LHS. This perspective suggests that BPD patients may be among the most genetically plastic individuals who have developed dysfunctional interpersonal strategies due to early adversity. The author argues that a behavioral ecological approach could have significant implications for psychiatric treatment, particularly in psychotherapy, by helping patients understand and change their interpersonal attitudes and expectations. The article concludes by discussing the limitations of the behavioral ecological approach and the need for further research to collect quantitative data on survival, reproduction, and gene replication in large clinical samples. It emphasizes the importance of integrating evolutionary perspectives into psychiatric nosology and treatment to better understand and address the complex nature of BPD.The article explores the concept of Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) through an evolutionary framework, specifically behavioral ecology and Life History Theory (LHT). BPD is characterized by emotion dysregulation, impulsivity, risk-taking, irritability, feelings of emptiness, self-injury, and unstable interpersonal relationships. The author argues that many features of BPD can be understood within the context of a pathological extreme or distortion of a behavioral strategy aimed at immediate resource exploitation based on early developmental experiences. This perspective challenges traditional deficit-oriented models and suggests that some symptoms may improve over time without therapy, though social functioning and interpersonal issues often persist. The article discusses the comorbidity of BPD with other disorders, such as depression and bipolar disorder, and the ongoing debate about the nosological position of BPD. It highlights the counterintuitive nature of BPD, where depressive symptoms and risk-taking behaviors can co-occur in the same individual. The author also addresses the controversy surrounding sex differences in the prevalence and clinical presentation of BPD. The review delves into the neuropsychology, personality traits, interpersonal behavior, neuroimaging findings, and genetics of BPD, supporting the idea that BPD reflects a pathological variant of a fast LHS. This perspective suggests that BPD patients may be among the most genetically plastic individuals who have developed dysfunctional interpersonal strategies due to early adversity. The author argues that a behavioral ecological approach could have significant implications for psychiatric treatment, particularly in psychotherapy, by helping patients understand and change their interpersonal attitudes and expectations. The article concludes by discussing the limitations of the behavioral ecological approach and the need for further research to collect quantitative data on survival, reproduction, and gene replication in large clinical samples. It emphasizes the importance of integrating evolutionary perspectives into psychiatric nosology and treatment to better understand and address the complex nature of BPD.