The paper by Davis et al. (1995) reports the observation of Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) in a gas of sodium atoms using a novel trap that combines magnetic and optical forces. The atoms were trapped and cooled using both magnetic and evaporative cooling techniques, increasing the phase-space density by six orders of magnitude within seven seconds. The condensates contained up to \(5 \times 10^3\) atoms at densities exceeding \(10^{10} \, \text{cm}^{-3}\). The key signature of BEC was the sudden appearance of a bimodal velocity distribution below the critical temperature of \(\sim 2 \, \mu\text{K}\), consisting of an isotropic thermal distribution and an elliptical core attributed to the expansion of a dense condensate. The experimental setup involved a magnetic trap with a repulsive optical dipole force generated by a focused laser beam to suppress trap loss. The temperature and total number of atoms were determined using absorption imaging, and the critical number of atoms for BEC was estimated to be \(7 \times 10^5\). The condensate lifetime was about one second, likely limited by three-body recombination or heating rates. The study highlights the potential of evaporative cooling for achieving both ultralow temperatures and high densities, opening new avenues for investigating transport processes and decay mechanisms in dense ultracold matter.The paper by Davis et al. (1995) reports the observation of Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) in a gas of sodium atoms using a novel trap that combines magnetic and optical forces. The atoms were trapped and cooled using both magnetic and evaporative cooling techniques, increasing the phase-space density by six orders of magnitude within seven seconds. The condensates contained up to \(5 \times 10^3\) atoms at densities exceeding \(10^{10} \, \text{cm}^{-3}\). The key signature of BEC was the sudden appearance of a bimodal velocity distribution below the critical temperature of \(\sim 2 \, \mu\text{K}\), consisting of an isotropic thermal distribution and an elliptical core attributed to the expansion of a dense condensate. The experimental setup involved a magnetic trap with a repulsive optical dipole force generated by a focused laser beam to suppress trap loss. The temperature and total number of atoms were determined using absorption imaging, and the critical number of atoms for BEC was estimated to be \(7 \times 10^5\). The condensate lifetime was about one second, likely limited by three-body recombination or heating rates. The study highlights the potential of evaporative cooling for achieving both ultralow temperatures and high densities, opening new avenues for investigating transport processes and decay mechanisms in dense ultracold matter.