The article "Brain Computer Interfaces, a review" by Shirley Coyle, Tomás Ward, and Charles Markham explores the evolution and potential of brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). It begins by highlighting the brain's central role in controlling human actions, thoughts, and emotions, and how it has been increasingly understood through scientific advancements. The authors discuss the historical underestimation of the brain's role by cardiocentrists and the current understanding of its physiological processes and signals. The initial motivation for BCIs was to develop communication devices for severely disabled individuals, particularly those with motor impairments. The article details the development of Electroencephalography (EEG) as a method to detect brain signals non-invasively, which forms the basis for many modern BCIs. Various research groups have developed systems that can translate brain signals into specific outputs, such as controlling a cursor or a robotic arm. The article also discusses the use of Visual Evoked Potentials (VEP) and slow cortical potentials to enhance communication and control. The authors delve into more invasive methods, such as implanting electrodes directly into the brain to achieve a more direct interface. This approach has been successful in controlling prosthetic limbs and restoring movement in paralyzed patients. The article also explores the use of magnetic fields to stimulate brain activity, known as Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS), which has applications in treating conditions like epilepsy and depression. The future of BCIs is discussed, including the potential for integrating humans and computers more deeply, leading to the concept of "cyborgs." The authors raise ethical questions about the moral implications of enhancing human capabilities through technology and the potential risks of such advancements. Despite these concerns, the article concludes that the integration of technology with biological systems is a natural progression and a promising area of research. References and biographies of the authors are provided, detailing their educational backgrounds and research interests in biomedical engineering, human-computer interaction, and medical imaging.The article "Brain Computer Interfaces, a review" by Shirley Coyle, Tomás Ward, and Charles Markham explores the evolution and potential of brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). It begins by highlighting the brain's central role in controlling human actions, thoughts, and emotions, and how it has been increasingly understood through scientific advancements. The authors discuss the historical underestimation of the brain's role by cardiocentrists and the current understanding of its physiological processes and signals. The initial motivation for BCIs was to develop communication devices for severely disabled individuals, particularly those with motor impairments. The article details the development of Electroencephalography (EEG) as a method to detect brain signals non-invasively, which forms the basis for many modern BCIs. Various research groups have developed systems that can translate brain signals into specific outputs, such as controlling a cursor or a robotic arm. The article also discusses the use of Visual Evoked Potentials (VEP) and slow cortical potentials to enhance communication and control. The authors delve into more invasive methods, such as implanting electrodes directly into the brain to achieve a more direct interface. This approach has been successful in controlling prosthetic limbs and restoring movement in paralyzed patients. The article also explores the use of magnetic fields to stimulate brain activity, known as Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS), which has applications in treating conditions like epilepsy and depression. The future of BCIs is discussed, including the potential for integrating humans and computers more deeply, leading to the concept of "cyborgs." The authors raise ethical questions about the moral implications of enhancing human capabilities through technology and the potential risks of such advancements. Despite these concerns, the article concludes that the integration of technology with biological systems is a natural progression and a promising area of research. References and biographies of the authors are provided, detailing their educational backgrounds and research interests in biomedical engineering, human-computer interaction, and medical imaging.