The paper provides a comprehensive review of Bridge Management Systems (BMSs) in the context of digital transformation and evolving infrastructure. It highlights the challenges posed by deterioration phenomena, such as corrosion and fatigue, and the need for effective management systems to optimize maintenance activities. The review covers the historical and current practices of BMSs, emphasizing the lack of a standardized definition for their modules. The authors propose a novel definition of BMS modules, including data management, diagnosis, prognosis, and decision-making. The paper discusses the key features of existing BMSs, their implementation processes, and future trends. It also analyzes the data collection, acquisition, transmission, and storage phases, as well as the condition assessment methods used in BMSs. The review includes a detailed discussion on the use of visual inspections, Non-Destructive Tests (NDTs), Destructive Tests (DTs), and Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) for data collection. Additionally, it explores the integration of SHM data into BMSs and the challenges associated with its management. The paper concludes with a summary of the findings and recommendations for further research and improvements in BMSs.The paper provides a comprehensive review of Bridge Management Systems (BMSs) in the context of digital transformation and evolving infrastructure. It highlights the challenges posed by deterioration phenomena, such as corrosion and fatigue, and the need for effective management systems to optimize maintenance activities. The review covers the historical and current practices of BMSs, emphasizing the lack of a standardized definition for their modules. The authors propose a novel definition of BMS modules, including data management, diagnosis, prognosis, and decision-making. The paper discusses the key features of existing BMSs, their implementation processes, and future trends. It also analyzes the data collection, acquisition, transmission, and storage phases, as well as the condition assessment methods used in BMSs. The review includes a detailed discussion on the use of visual inspections, Non-Destructive Tests (NDTs), Destructive Tests (DTs), and Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) for data collection. Additionally, it explores the integration of SHM data into BMSs and the challenges associated with its management. The paper concludes with a summary of the findings and recommendations for further research and improvements in BMSs.