Brominated flame retardants (BFRs) have been widely used in consumer products to reduce fire-related injuries and property damage. However, concerns have risen due to the presence of several BFR classes in the environment and human biota. The widespread production and use of BFRs, along with increasing contamination in the environment and people, highlight the need to identify emerging issues and data gaps. This article reviews scientific issues associated with tetra-bromobisphenol A, hexabromocyclododecane, and three commercial mixtures of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). Available data raise concerns over the use of certain BFRs, but the toxicology database is limited, and the literature is incomplete and often conflicting. Key findings include the persistence and bioaccumulation of BFRs, potential endocrine disruption, and neurotoxic effects. The authors emphasize the need for more research to address these concerns and fill data gaps.Brominated flame retardants (BFRs) have been widely used in consumer products to reduce fire-related injuries and property damage. However, concerns have risen due to the presence of several BFR classes in the environment and human biota. The widespread production and use of BFRs, along with increasing contamination in the environment and people, highlight the need to identify emerging issues and data gaps. This article reviews scientific issues associated with tetra-bromobisphenol A, hexabromocyclododecane, and three commercial mixtures of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). Available data raise concerns over the use of certain BFRs, but the toxicology database is limited, and the literature is incomplete and often conflicting. Key findings include the persistence and bioaccumulation of BFRs, potential endocrine disruption, and neurotoxic effects. The authors emphasize the need for more research to address these concerns and fill data gaps.