Brucella spondylitis is a serious complication of brucellosis, a zoonotic disease caused by the bacterium Brucella. It primarily affects the spine and can lead to significant morbidity and mortality, especially in endemic areas. The disease is diagnosed based on clinical, epidemiological, and radiological findings, and treatment involves long-term antibiotic therapy, with surgical intervention sometimes required. The pathogenesis of Brucella spondylitis involves the bacterium's ability to invade and replicate within macrophages and osteoblasts, leading to bone and joint damage through various mechanisms, including the induction of apoptosis, inhibition of mineralization, and secretion of inflammatory mediators. Diagnosis includes microbiological tests such as blood cultures, bone marrow cultures, and serological tests like the SAT and ELISA. Radiological findings include osteolysis, discitis, and abscess formation. Treatment typically involves a combination of antibiotics, with surgical intervention indicated for severe cases. Surgical options include open surgery and minimally invasive techniques, depending on the extent of the disease and the patient's condition. The management of Brucella spondylitis requires a multidisciplinary approach, combining medical and surgical interventions to achieve optimal outcomes.Brucella spondylitis is a serious complication of brucellosis, a zoonotic disease caused by the bacterium Brucella. It primarily affects the spine and can lead to significant morbidity and mortality, especially in endemic areas. The disease is diagnosed based on clinical, epidemiological, and radiological findings, and treatment involves long-term antibiotic therapy, with surgical intervention sometimes required. The pathogenesis of Brucella spondylitis involves the bacterium's ability to invade and replicate within macrophages and osteoblasts, leading to bone and joint damage through various mechanisms, including the induction of apoptosis, inhibition of mineralization, and secretion of inflammatory mediators. Diagnosis includes microbiological tests such as blood cultures, bone marrow cultures, and serological tests like the SAT and ELISA. Radiological findings include osteolysis, discitis, and abscess formation. Treatment typically involves a combination of antibiotics, with surgical intervention indicated for severe cases. Surgical options include open surgery and minimally invasive techniques, depending on the extent of the disease and the patient's condition. The management of Brucella spondylitis requires a multidisciplinary approach, combining medical and surgical interventions to achieve optimal outcomes.