This review explores the challenges to food security and the role of sustainability and resilience in the post-COVID-19 era. The pandemic has significantly impacted global food systems, highlighting the need for resilient and sustainable strategies to ensure food security. The study systematically reviews existing literature on sustainability and resilience in food supply chains (FSCs), focusing on the causes of food insecurity, their impacts on public health, and strategies to enhance resilience and sustainability. A thematic analysis of 26 relevant papers identifies key themes, including the reasons behind food insecurity, its impacts on public health, and strategies for improving resilience and sustainability. The study proposes a holistic conceptualization for integrating sustainability and resilience in food systems, emphasizing their importance in ensuring food security and public health. It also highlights the need for innovative technologies, such as nanotechnology and blockchain, to enhance food safety, traceability, and resilience. The research underscores the importance of sustainable practices, life cycle assessment, and multi-stakeholder collaboration in building resilient food systems. Future research directions include analyzing the long-term impacts of sustainability and resilience on food systems, exploring socio-economic implications, and developing quantitative metrics to assess their effectiveness. The study concludes that integrating sustainability and resilience is crucial for creating resilient and sustainable food systems that can withstand future disruptions and ensure food security.This review explores the challenges to food security and the role of sustainability and resilience in the post-COVID-19 era. The pandemic has significantly impacted global food systems, highlighting the need for resilient and sustainable strategies to ensure food security. The study systematically reviews existing literature on sustainability and resilience in food supply chains (FSCs), focusing on the causes of food insecurity, their impacts on public health, and strategies to enhance resilience and sustainability. A thematic analysis of 26 relevant papers identifies key themes, including the reasons behind food insecurity, its impacts on public health, and strategies for improving resilience and sustainability. The study proposes a holistic conceptualization for integrating sustainability and resilience in food systems, emphasizing their importance in ensuring food security and public health. It also highlights the need for innovative technologies, such as nanotechnology and blockchain, to enhance food safety, traceability, and resilience. The research underscores the importance of sustainable practices, life cycle assessment, and multi-stakeholder collaboration in building resilient food systems. Future research directions include analyzing the long-term impacts of sustainability and resilience on food systems, exploring socio-economic implications, and developing quantitative metrics to assess their effectiveness. The study concludes that integrating sustainability and resilience is crucial for creating resilient and sustainable food systems that can withstand future disruptions and ensure food security.