This paper addresses the challenge of urban environments being affected by vibrations caused by transportation systems, particularly train operations. The authors conducted field measurements to understand the transmission of vibrations from soil to building foundations and within building floors. They developed a prediction model that considers the interaction between soil and structure to anticipate building vibrations. The model simplifies the rigid foundation into a foundation-soil system connected via spring damping, and the building model is based on axial wave transmission within columns and attached floors. The predicted vibrations were validated through field measurements, showing good agreement with the measured vibrations. The study also investigated the influence of different building heights on soil and structure vibration propagation, finding that the predicted vibrations match well with the measured vibrations. The proposed prediction model is efficient for predicting floor vibrations before construction, especially for newly constructed buildings along operational subway lines with rigid or shallow foundations. The research highlights the importance of considering the dynamic coupling between soil and structure in vibration prediction models.This paper addresses the challenge of urban environments being affected by vibrations caused by transportation systems, particularly train operations. The authors conducted field measurements to understand the transmission of vibrations from soil to building foundations and within building floors. They developed a prediction model that considers the interaction between soil and structure to anticipate building vibrations. The model simplifies the rigid foundation into a foundation-soil system connected via spring damping, and the building model is based on axial wave transmission within columns and attached floors. The predicted vibrations were validated through field measurements, showing good agreement with the measured vibrations. The study also investigated the influence of different building heights on soil and structure vibration propagation, finding that the predicted vibrations match well with the measured vibrations. The proposed prediction model is efficient for predicting floor vibrations before construction, especially for newly constructed buildings along operational subway lines with rigid or shallow foundations. The research highlights the importance of considering the dynamic coupling between soil and structure in vibration prediction models.