Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract infections in infants and young children, particularly in temperate and tropical climates. High-risk groups include infants under six months, premature infants, those with congenital heart disease, immunodeficiency, cystic fibrosis, and neuromuscular diseases. RSV infections are seasonal, peaking in cold seasons in temperate regions and during the rainy season in tropical climates. While mortality rates are generally low in healthy infants (below 1%), they increase significantly in children with underlying conditions. Recurrent wheezing and lung function abnormalities can persist until adolescence following RSV infection. Currently, there is no RSV vaccine available, but promising candidate vaccines are under development. Palivizumab, a monoclonal RSV antibody, is the only immunoprophylaxis tool for high-risk infants, reducing the burden of RSV infection in selected patient groups. Despite ongoing efforts, an effective RSV vaccine remains elusive, emphasizing the need for continued research and preventive measures.Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract infections in infants and young children, particularly in temperate and tropical climates. High-risk groups include infants under six months, premature infants, those with congenital heart disease, immunodeficiency, cystic fibrosis, and neuromuscular diseases. RSV infections are seasonal, peaking in cold seasons in temperate regions and during the rainy season in tropical climates. While mortality rates are generally low in healthy infants (below 1%), they increase significantly in children with underlying conditions. Recurrent wheezing and lung function abnormalities can persist until adolescence following RSV infection. Currently, there is no RSV vaccine available, but promising candidate vaccines are under development. Palivizumab, a monoclonal RSV antibody, is the only immunoprophylaxis tool for high-risk infants, reducing the burden of RSV infection in selected patient groups. Despite ongoing efforts, an effective RSV vaccine remains elusive, emphasizing the need for continued research and preventive measures.