Carbon Capture and Utilization (CCU) is a promising strategy for mitigating climate change by capturing and repurposing carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions. This review explores current CCU technologies, their applications, and challenges. CCU encompasses various carbon capture methods, including pre-combustion, post-combustion, and direct air capture, each with distinct advantages and limitations. Post-combustion capture uses amine scrubbing, membrane separation, and adsorption, while direct air capture employs sorbents or solvents to extract CO₂ from the atmosphere. Carbon utilization pathways include converting CO₂ into fuels, carbon-based materials, and chemicals. Power-to-gas technologies, such as electrolysis, convert CO₂ into synthetic fuels like methane or hydrogen. Carbon-based materials, such as carbon nanotubes and graphene, are produced using captured CO₂, offering sustainable alternatives to traditional materials. Chemical synthesis also benefits from CCU, enabling the production of valuable chemicals and pharmaceuticals. Emerging applications of CCU include agriculture, where CO₂ can enhance soil fertility and crop yields. Integration with renewable energy systems and industrial processes offers opportunities for sustainable development. However, CCU faces challenges such as technical inefficiencies, high costs, and regulatory barriers. Public perception and social acceptance are also critical for successful implementation. Future prospects for CCU involve advancements in materials science, catalysis, and process engineering to improve efficiency and scalability. Collaborative efforts among researchers, policymakers, and industries are essential for developing supportive regulatory frameworks and fostering international cooperation. Ethical considerations, including environmental justice and long-term impacts, must be addressed to ensure equitable and sustainable deployment of CCU technologies. International collaboration and governance are vital for harmonizing standards and promoting global carbon reduction goals. Overall, CCU holds significant potential to contribute to a circular carbon economy and achieve climate change mitigation targets.Carbon Capture and Utilization (CCU) is a promising strategy for mitigating climate change by capturing and repurposing carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions. This review explores current CCU technologies, their applications, and challenges. CCU encompasses various carbon capture methods, including pre-combustion, post-combustion, and direct air capture, each with distinct advantages and limitations. Post-combustion capture uses amine scrubbing, membrane separation, and adsorption, while direct air capture employs sorbents or solvents to extract CO₂ from the atmosphere. Carbon utilization pathways include converting CO₂ into fuels, carbon-based materials, and chemicals. Power-to-gas technologies, such as electrolysis, convert CO₂ into synthetic fuels like methane or hydrogen. Carbon-based materials, such as carbon nanotubes and graphene, are produced using captured CO₂, offering sustainable alternatives to traditional materials. Chemical synthesis also benefits from CCU, enabling the production of valuable chemicals and pharmaceuticals. Emerging applications of CCU include agriculture, where CO₂ can enhance soil fertility and crop yields. Integration with renewable energy systems and industrial processes offers opportunities for sustainable development. However, CCU faces challenges such as technical inefficiencies, high costs, and regulatory barriers. Public perception and social acceptance are also critical for successful implementation. Future prospects for CCU involve advancements in materials science, catalysis, and process engineering to improve efficiency and scalability. Collaborative efforts among researchers, policymakers, and industries are essential for developing supportive regulatory frameworks and fostering international cooperation. Ethical considerations, including environmental justice and long-term impacts, must be addressed to ensure equitable and sustainable deployment of CCU technologies. International collaboration and governance are vital for harmonizing standards and promoting global carbon reduction goals. Overall, CCU holds significant potential to contribute to a circular carbon economy and achieve climate change mitigation targets.