The article introduces the Cancer miRNA Census (CMC), a list of 165 cancer-related miRNA genes selected based on a scoring system that incorporates various functional and genetic evidence. The criteria for selection include the number of miRNA-cancer associations in three databases, consistency of association direction, regulation of cancer hallmarks, presence in the KEGG 'MicroRNAs in cancer' pathway, and genetic evidence for positive selection of mutations in cancer. The CMC is validated through various analyses, including correlation tests, leave-one-out analyses, and comparison with other resources. The validation steps confirm the accuracy and robustness of the CMC, demonstrating its usefulness as a reference list for miRNA studies in cancer. The article also discusses the classification of CMC miRNA genes as potential oncogenes or tumor suppressors and highlights the limitations of the CMC, such as ascertainment bias and the potential exclusion of some genuine cancer-related miRNA genes.The article introduces the Cancer miRNA Census (CMC), a list of 165 cancer-related miRNA genes selected based on a scoring system that incorporates various functional and genetic evidence. The criteria for selection include the number of miRNA-cancer associations in three databases, consistency of association direction, regulation of cancer hallmarks, presence in the KEGG 'MicroRNAs in cancer' pathway, and genetic evidence for positive selection of mutations in cancer. The CMC is validated through various analyses, including correlation tests, leave-one-out analyses, and comparison with other resources. The validation steps confirm the accuracy and robustness of the CMC, demonstrating its usefulness as a reference list for miRNA studies in cancer. The article also discusses the classification of CMC miRNA genes as potential oncogenes or tumor suppressors and highlights the limitations of the CMC, such as ascertainment bias and the potential exclusion of some genuine cancer-related miRNA genes.