Cerebral microbleeds (CMB) are frequent incidental findings on brain MRI and have been associated with COVID-19 in critically ill patients. This study aimed to determine the risk of CMB in a general population of COVID-19 patients compared to non-COVID-19 controls. A retrospective case-control study was conducted, including 73 COVID-19 cases and 219 matched non-exposed controls. Cases were identified based on a positive RT-PCR test for SARS-CoV-2 and matched with controls based on age, sex, BMI, and comorbidities. CMB were detected using artificial intelligence. The study found that COVID-19 was significantly associated with a higher risk of CMB on MRI, with 12% of cases versus 5% of controls. This association remained significant even when excluding patients with dementia and hospitalized patients. The findings suggest that CMB may be associated with COVID-19 infections, which could contribute to the pathophysiology of CMB and help explain incidental CMB in patients with a history of COVID-19. The study highlights the need to consider CMB as a potential consequence of COVID-19, especially in non-critically ill patients. The results indicate that CMB may have separate causes beyond chronic conditions such as dementia, cerebral amyloid angiopathy, or hypertensive arteriopathy. The study also emphasizes the importance of considering clinical symptoms of CAA in the diagnosis of probable CAA. The findings may influence clinical decision-making, such as avoiding anticoagulants in patients with CMB. The study has limitations, including potential biases from the pandemic's impact on healthcare-seeking behavior and the lack of data on potential complications of COVID-19. The results suggest that CMB may be associated with COVID-19, but further research is needed to confirm the clinical implications.Cerebral microbleeds (CMB) are frequent incidental findings on brain MRI and have been associated with COVID-19 in critically ill patients. This study aimed to determine the risk of CMB in a general population of COVID-19 patients compared to non-COVID-19 controls. A retrospective case-control study was conducted, including 73 COVID-19 cases and 219 matched non-exposed controls. Cases were identified based on a positive RT-PCR test for SARS-CoV-2 and matched with controls based on age, sex, BMI, and comorbidities. CMB were detected using artificial intelligence. The study found that COVID-19 was significantly associated with a higher risk of CMB on MRI, with 12% of cases versus 5% of controls. This association remained significant even when excluding patients with dementia and hospitalized patients. The findings suggest that CMB may be associated with COVID-19 infections, which could contribute to the pathophysiology of CMB and help explain incidental CMB in patients with a history of COVID-19. The study highlights the need to consider CMB as a potential consequence of COVID-19, especially in non-critically ill patients. The results indicate that CMB may have separate causes beyond chronic conditions such as dementia, cerebral amyloid angiopathy, or hypertensive arteriopathy. The study also emphasizes the importance of considering clinical symptoms of CAA in the diagnosis of probable CAA. The findings may influence clinical decision-making, such as avoiding anticoagulants in patients with CMB. The study has limitations, including potential biases from the pandemic's impact on healthcare-seeking behavior and the lack of data on potential complications of COVID-19. The results suggest that CMB may be associated with COVID-19, but further research is needed to confirm the clinical implications.