This meta-analysis examines the relationship between caffeine intake and the risk of anxiety in healthy populations. The study included eight articles with 546 participants from 14 studies. The results show that caffeine intake significantly increases the risk of anxiety [SMD = 0.94, 95% CI = (0.28, 1.60), p < 0.05]. Subgroup analysis based on caffeine dose size revealed that low-dose caffeine intake (≤400 mg) moderately increased the risk of anxiety [SMD = 0.61, 95%CI = (0.42, 0.79), p < 0.05], while high-dose caffeine intake (>400 mg) had a highly significant increase in the risk of anxiety [SMD = 2.86, 95%CI = (2.50, 3.22), p < 0.05]. The study concludes that caffeine intake is associated with an elevated risk of anxiety, especially at doses greater than 400 mg, and suggests that clinicians should consider the potential anxiogenic effects of caffeine in treating psychiatric disorders.This meta-analysis examines the relationship between caffeine intake and the risk of anxiety in healthy populations. The study included eight articles with 546 participants from 14 studies. The results show that caffeine intake significantly increases the risk of anxiety [SMD = 0.94, 95% CI = (0.28, 1.60), p < 0.05]. Subgroup analysis based on caffeine dose size revealed that low-dose caffeine intake (≤400 mg) moderately increased the risk of anxiety [SMD = 0.61, 95%CI = (0.42, 0.79), p < 0.05], while high-dose caffeine intake (>400 mg) had a highly significant increase in the risk of anxiety [SMD = 2.86, 95%CI = (2.50, 3.22), p < 0.05]. The study concludes that caffeine intake is associated with an elevated risk of anxiety, especially at doses greater than 400 mg, and suggests that clinicians should consider the potential anxiogenic effects of caffeine in treating psychiatric disorders.