A meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the association between caffeine intake and anxiety risk. The study included eight articles with 546 participants from 14 studies, focusing on healthy populations without psychiatric disorders. The analysis used standardized mean difference (SMD) as the outcome measure. The results showed that caffeine intake significantly increased the risk of anxiety, with a pooled SMD of 0.94 (95% CI: 0.28-1.60, p < 0.05). Subgroup analysis revealed that low-dose caffeine (less than 400 mg) moderately increased anxiety risk (SMD = 0.61, 95% CI: 0.42-0.79, p < 0.05), while high-dose caffeine (≥400 mg) significantly increased anxiety risk (SMD = 2.86, 95% CI: 2.50-3.22, p < 0.05). The study found no publication bias, and the results were consistent across different studies. The findings suggest that caffeine intake is associated with an increased risk of anxiety, particularly at higher doses. The study highlights the importance of considering caffeine intake in the management of anxiety disorders and recommends that healthy individuals limit caffeine consumption to less than 400 mg per day. The study also notes that caffeine may have an anxiogenic effect through its interaction with adenosine receptors in the central nervous system. The study has limitations, including high between-study heterogeneity and the lack of consideration of confounding factors such as gender. Future research should explore the mechanisms of caffeine's effect on anxiety and the dose-response relationship.A meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the association between caffeine intake and anxiety risk. The study included eight articles with 546 participants from 14 studies, focusing on healthy populations without psychiatric disorders. The analysis used standardized mean difference (SMD) as the outcome measure. The results showed that caffeine intake significantly increased the risk of anxiety, with a pooled SMD of 0.94 (95% CI: 0.28-1.60, p < 0.05). Subgroup analysis revealed that low-dose caffeine (less than 400 mg) moderately increased anxiety risk (SMD = 0.61, 95% CI: 0.42-0.79, p < 0.05), while high-dose caffeine (≥400 mg) significantly increased anxiety risk (SMD = 2.86, 95% CI: 2.50-3.22, p < 0.05). The study found no publication bias, and the results were consistent across different studies. The findings suggest that caffeine intake is associated with an increased risk of anxiety, particularly at higher doses. The study highlights the importance of considering caffeine intake in the management of anxiety disorders and recommends that healthy individuals limit caffeine consumption to less than 400 mg per day. The study also notes that caffeine may have an anxiogenic effect through its interaction with adenosine receptors in the central nervous system. The study has limitations, including high between-study heterogeneity and the lack of consideration of confounding factors such as gender. Future research should explore the mechanisms of caffeine's effect on anxiety and the dose-response relationship.