This study reports on the development of cancer cell membrane-coated nanoparticles (CCNPs) for anticancer vaccination and drug delivery. CCNPs are created by coating biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles (PLGA) with a layer of membrane derived from cancer cells, retaining the full array of cancer cell membrane antigens. The resulting core-shell nanostructures offer a robust platform for multiple modes of anticancer therapy. The particles are shown to promote tumor-specific immune responses when coupled with immunological adjuvants, and they exhibit homotypic targeting properties, allowing for efficient delivery to cancer cells. The study demonstrates the broad applicability of the cell membrane coating approach, which bridges the properties of natural membrane components with those of synthetic nanomaterials, providing a feasible method for developing novel, nature-inspired nanotherapeutics.This study reports on the development of cancer cell membrane-coated nanoparticles (CCNPs) for anticancer vaccination and drug delivery. CCNPs are created by coating biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles (PLGA) with a layer of membrane derived from cancer cells, retaining the full array of cancer cell membrane antigens. The resulting core-shell nanostructures offer a robust platform for multiple modes of anticancer therapy. The particles are shown to promote tumor-specific immune responses when coupled with immunological adjuvants, and they exhibit homotypic targeting properties, allowing for efficient delivery to cancer cells. The study demonstrates the broad applicability of the cell membrane coating approach, which bridges the properties of natural membrane components with those of synthetic nanomaterials, providing a feasible method for developing novel, nature-inspired nanotherapeutics.