Cancer epigenetics is a critical area of research that explores how epigenetic dysregulation contributes to cancer development and progression. Epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation, histone acetylation, and miRNA regulation, are key factors in cancer biology. These modifications can be reversed by epigenetic drugs, making them important targets for precision medicine. The review discusses the mechanisms of epigenetic dysregulation in cancer, including DNA methylation, histone methylation, and histone acetylation, and highlights the role of epigenetic inhibitors in cancer diagnosis and treatment. It also emphasizes the development of epigenetic enzyme inhibitors and the potential of combination therapies in improving therapeutic outcomes. The review explores the integration of multi-omics, gene therapy, and AI in advancing epigenetic therapy to precision medicine. Key challenges include identifying true tumor biomarkers, comparing results from clinical and laboratory studies, and improving personalized treatment. Epigenetic therapies, such as DNMT inhibitors, HDAC inhibitors, and BET family inhibitors, are being developed and tested in clinical trials for their efficacy in treating various cancers. The review also discusses the potential of epigenetic therapies in enhancing the effectiveness of immunotherapy and improving cancer diagnosis and treatment. Overall, the integration of epigenetic research with clinical applications is a promising direction for the future of cancer treatment.Cancer epigenetics is a critical area of research that explores how epigenetic dysregulation contributes to cancer development and progression. Epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation, histone acetylation, and miRNA regulation, are key factors in cancer biology. These modifications can be reversed by epigenetic drugs, making them important targets for precision medicine. The review discusses the mechanisms of epigenetic dysregulation in cancer, including DNA methylation, histone methylation, and histone acetylation, and highlights the role of epigenetic inhibitors in cancer diagnosis and treatment. It also emphasizes the development of epigenetic enzyme inhibitors and the potential of combination therapies in improving therapeutic outcomes. The review explores the integration of multi-omics, gene therapy, and AI in advancing epigenetic therapy to precision medicine. Key challenges include identifying true tumor biomarkers, comparing results from clinical and laboratory studies, and improving personalized treatment. Epigenetic therapies, such as DNMT inhibitors, HDAC inhibitors, and BET family inhibitors, are being developed and tested in clinical trials for their efficacy in treating various cancers. The review also discusses the potential of epigenetic therapies in enhancing the effectiveness of immunotherapy and improving cancer diagnosis and treatment. Overall, the integration of epigenetic research with clinical applications is a promising direction for the future of cancer treatment.