This study provides the latest estimates of cancer incidence and mortality in China for 2022, based on data from 700 cancer registries and 106 continuous registries. It estimates that there were approximately 4.82 million new cancer cases and 2.57 million cancer deaths in China in 2022. The top five cancers by incidence were lung, colon-rectum, thyroid, liver, and stomach, accounting for 57.42% of new cases. The top five causes of cancer death were lung, liver, stomach, colon-rectum, and esophagus, accounting for 67.50% of total deaths. The age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) was 201.61 per 100,000, while the age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) was 96.47 per 100,000. The ASIR increased by about 1.4% per year from 2000 to 2018, while the ASMR decreased by about 1.3% per year. The ASIR for thyroid, prostate, and cervix cancers increased significantly, while the ASIR for esophageal, stomach, and liver cancers decreased. The ASMR for esophageal, stomach, and liver cancers also decreased significantly. The study highlights the coexistence of developed and developing regions in China's cancer profile. The implementation of cancer prevention and control measures has led to significant reductions in the incidence and mortality of certain cancers. The study also emphasizes the importance of continued efforts in risk factor control, cancer screening, early diagnosis, and treatment to effectively mitigate the increasing cancer burden by 2030. The study is supported by the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and the National Cancer Center. The authors declare no competing interests. The study is supported by the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences.This study provides the latest estimates of cancer incidence and mortality in China for 2022, based on data from 700 cancer registries and 106 continuous registries. It estimates that there were approximately 4.82 million new cancer cases and 2.57 million cancer deaths in China in 2022. The top five cancers by incidence were lung, colon-rectum, thyroid, liver, and stomach, accounting for 57.42% of new cases. The top five causes of cancer death were lung, liver, stomach, colon-rectum, and esophagus, accounting for 67.50% of total deaths. The age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) was 201.61 per 100,000, while the age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) was 96.47 per 100,000. The ASIR increased by about 1.4% per year from 2000 to 2018, while the ASMR decreased by about 1.3% per year. The ASIR for thyroid, prostate, and cervix cancers increased significantly, while the ASIR for esophageal, stomach, and liver cancers decreased. The ASMR for esophageal, stomach, and liver cancers also decreased significantly. The study highlights the coexistence of developed and developing regions in China's cancer profile. The implementation of cancer prevention and control measures has led to significant reductions in the incidence and mortality of certain cancers. The study also emphasizes the importance of continued efforts in risk factor control, cancer screening, early diagnosis, and treatment to effectively mitigate the increasing cancer burden by 2030. The study is supported by the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and the National Cancer Center. The authors declare no competing interests. The study is supported by the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences.