The article "Cancer Nanomedicine: Progress, Challenges and Opportunities" by Jinjun Shi, Philip W. Kantoff, Richard Wooster, and Omid C. Farokhzad reviews the advancements, challenges, and future prospects of cancer nanomedicine. Nanoparticles (NPs) with sizes ranging from 1 to 100 nm have shown significant potential in drug delivery, diagnosis, and imaging for cancer treatment. Despite technological advancements, the field faces complexities due to tumor heterogeneity, incomplete understanding of nano-bio interactions, and challenges in chemistry, manufacturing, and clinical translation. The review highlights the progress in therapeutic NP platforms such as liposomes, albumin NPs, and polymeric micelles, which have been approved for cancer treatment. However, the EPR effect, which describes the preferential accumulation of NPs in tumors due to leaky vasculature and poor lymphatic drainage, is influenced by multiple biological factors, including NP properties and tumor microenvironment interactions. The article discusses the importance of identifying predictive markers for EPR and developing strategies to enhance systemic NP delivery. It also explores the role of nano-bio interactions, the development of theranostic NPs, and the potential of inorganic NPs like gold nanoshells and graphene. The review emphasizes the need for further research to understand and control the nano-bio interface, improve NP design, and personalize nanomedicine for better patient outcomes.The article "Cancer Nanomedicine: Progress, Challenges and Opportunities" by Jinjun Shi, Philip W. Kantoff, Richard Wooster, and Omid C. Farokhzad reviews the advancements, challenges, and future prospects of cancer nanomedicine. Nanoparticles (NPs) with sizes ranging from 1 to 100 nm have shown significant potential in drug delivery, diagnosis, and imaging for cancer treatment. Despite technological advancements, the field faces complexities due to tumor heterogeneity, incomplete understanding of nano-bio interactions, and challenges in chemistry, manufacturing, and clinical translation. The review highlights the progress in therapeutic NP platforms such as liposomes, albumin NPs, and polymeric micelles, which have been approved for cancer treatment. However, the EPR effect, which describes the preferential accumulation of NPs in tumors due to leaky vasculature and poor lymphatic drainage, is influenced by multiple biological factors, including NP properties and tumor microenvironment interactions. The article discusses the importance of identifying predictive markers for EPR and developing strategies to enhance systemic NP delivery. It also explores the role of nano-bio interactions, the development of theranostic NPs, and the potential of inorganic NPs like gold nanoshells and graphene. The review emphasizes the need for further research to understand and control the nano-bio interface, improve NP design, and personalize nanomedicine for better patient outcomes.