This population-based study aimed to determine the incidence of cancer among individuals with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and compare these rates with those of the non-IBD population using administrative claims data from Manitoba's universal provincial insurance plan. The study matched IBD patients 1:10 to randomly selected members of the general population based on year, age, gender, and postal area of residence. The incidence of cancer was determined by linking records from the IBD and non-IBD cohorts with the Cancer Care Manitoba registry. The results showed an increased incidence rate ratio (IRR) for colon carcinoma in both Crohn's disease (CD) patients (IRR = 2.64) and ulcerative colitis (UC) patients (IRR = 2.75). An increased IRR for rectal carcinoma was observed only in UC patients (IRR = 1.90), and an increased IRR for small bowel carcinoma was observed only in CD patients (IRR = 17.4). Additionally, an increased IRR for extraintestinal tumors was observed for liver and biliary tract malignancies in both CD and UC patients (IRR = 5.22 and IRR = 3.96, respectively). The study also found an increased IRR for lymphoma in males with CD (IRR = 3.63). These findings suggest that IBD patients have an increased risk of developing various types of cancer, particularly colon carcinoma and hepatobiliary carcinoma.This population-based study aimed to determine the incidence of cancer among individuals with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and compare these rates with those of the non-IBD population using administrative claims data from Manitoba's universal provincial insurance plan. The study matched IBD patients 1:10 to randomly selected members of the general population based on year, age, gender, and postal area of residence. The incidence of cancer was determined by linking records from the IBD and non-IBD cohorts with the Cancer Care Manitoba registry. The results showed an increased incidence rate ratio (IRR) for colon carcinoma in both Crohn's disease (CD) patients (IRR = 2.64) and ulcerative colitis (UC) patients (IRR = 2.75). An increased IRR for rectal carcinoma was observed only in UC patients (IRR = 1.90), and an increased IRR for small bowel carcinoma was observed only in CD patients (IRR = 17.4). Additionally, an increased IRR for extraintestinal tumors was observed for liver and biliary tract malignancies in both CD and UC patients (IRR = 5.22 and IRR = 3.96, respectively). The study also found an increased IRR for lymphoma in males with CD (IRR = 3.63). These findings suggest that IBD patients have an increased risk of developing various types of cancer, particularly colon carcinoma and hepatobiliary carcinoma.