The article discusses the role of cancer metabolism and signaling pathways in cancer development and progression, highlighting the importance of targeting these processes for therapeutic intervention. It emphasizes the impact of abnormal metabolic pathways on cellular signal transduction, leading to uncontrolled cancer cell proliferation. The Hippo pathway, Myc, and PI3K/AKT are identified as key oncogenic signaling networks that control metabolic gene expression and enzyme activity. The article also reviews recent research on the metabolic phenotypes of malignancies and the challenges in overcoming metabolic plasticity in cancer therapy. The section on nanomedicine explores the potential of nanoparticles for drug delivery, focusing on their ability to target cancer cells and improve treatment outcomes. It discusses the principles of passive targeting through the enhanced permeation and retention (EPR) effect, the importance of particle size and surface properties, and the use of steric stabilization methods like PEGylation to enhance circulation and reduce clearance by the reticuloendothelial system (RES). The article also highlights the development of stimuli-responsive nanomedicines, which can respond to physical or biological stimuli to control drug release, and the application of nanomedicine in various cancer treatments, including surgery, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiotherapy, photothermal/photodynamic therapy, and diagnosis and imaging. Finally, the article touches on gene therapy as a promising approach to cancer treatment, emphasizing the need for efficient gene delivery methods and the challenges associated with non-viral vectors. It concludes by discussing the future perspectives of nanobiomedicine-based tumor therapeutics, noting the need to overcome biological barriers, improve drug loading and release control, and address safety concerns to fully realize the potential of nanotechnology in cancer therapy.The article discusses the role of cancer metabolism and signaling pathways in cancer development and progression, highlighting the importance of targeting these processes for therapeutic intervention. It emphasizes the impact of abnormal metabolic pathways on cellular signal transduction, leading to uncontrolled cancer cell proliferation. The Hippo pathway, Myc, and PI3K/AKT are identified as key oncogenic signaling networks that control metabolic gene expression and enzyme activity. The article also reviews recent research on the metabolic phenotypes of malignancies and the challenges in overcoming metabolic plasticity in cancer therapy. The section on nanomedicine explores the potential of nanoparticles for drug delivery, focusing on their ability to target cancer cells and improve treatment outcomes. It discusses the principles of passive targeting through the enhanced permeation and retention (EPR) effect, the importance of particle size and surface properties, and the use of steric stabilization methods like PEGylation to enhance circulation and reduce clearance by the reticuloendothelial system (RES). The article also highlights the development of stimuli-responsive nanomedicines, which can respond to physical or biological stimuli to control drug release, and the application of nanomedicine in various cancer treatments, including surgery, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiotherapy, photothermal/photodynamic therapy, and diagnosis and imaging. Finally, the article touches on gene therapy as a promising approach to cancer treatment, emphasizing the need for efficient gene delivery methods and the challenges associated with non-viral vectors. It concludes by discussing the future perspectives of nanobiomedicine-based tumor therapeutics, noting the need to overcome biological barriers, improve drug loading and release control, and address safety concerns to fully realize the potential of nanotechnology in cancer therapy.