In 2015, China is expected to have 4.29 million new cancer cases and 2.81 million cancer deaths. Lung cancer is the most common cancer and the leading cause of cancer death, followed by stomach, esophageal, and liver cancers. Rural residents have higher cancer incidence and mortality rates than urban residents. Cancer incidence rates for men remained stable between 2000 and 2011, while rates for women increased significantly. Mortality rates for both men and women decreased significantly since 2006. Cancer cases and deaths can be prevented by reducing risk factors and improving clinical care, especially in rural areas. The study used data from 72 population-based cancer registries, representing 6.5% of the population, to estimate 2015 cancer cases and deaths. The data showed that cancer burden in China is significant, with about 22% of global new cancer cases and 27% of global cancer deaths occurring in China. The cancer profile in China is different from that of developed countries, with lung, stomach, liver, and esophageal cancers being the most common. These cancers account for 57% of all cancers diagnosed in China, compared to 18% in the United States. The study highlights the need for improved cancer control strategies, including better access to healthcare in rural areas, and the importance of addressing modifiable risk factors such as tobacco use and unhealthy lifestyles. The study also emphasizes the need for early detection and improved treatment options to reduce cancer mortality. The findings underscore the importance of continued research and policy development to address the growing cancer burden in China.In 2015, China is expected to have 4.29 million new cancer cases and 2.81 million cancer deaths. Lung cancer is the most common cancer and the leading cause of cancer death, followed by stomach, esophageal, and liver cancers. Rural residents have higher cancer incidence and mortality rates than urban residents. Cancer incidence rates for men remained stable between 2000 and 2011, while rates for women increased significantly. Mortality rates for both men and women decreased significantly since 2006. Cancer cases and deaths can be prevented by reducing risk factors and improving clinical care, especially in rural areas. The study used data from 72 population-based cancer registries, representing 6.5% of the population, to estimate 2015 cancer cases and deaths. The data showed that cancer burden in China is significant, with about 22% of global new cancer cases and 27% of global cancer deaths occurring in China. The cancer profile in China is different from that of developed countries, with lung, stomach, liver, and esophageal cancers being the most common. These cancers account for 57% of all cancers diagnosed in China, compared to 18% in the United States. The study highlights the need for improved cancer control strategies, including better access to healthcare in rural areas, and the importance of addressing modifiable risk factors such as tobacco use and unhealthy lifestyles. The study also emphasizes the need for early detection and improved treatment options to reduce cancer mortality. The findings underscore the importance of continued research and policy development to address the growing cancer burden in China.