The article reviews the pathogenicity mechanisms of *Candida albicans*, a common member of the human microbiome that can cause a range of infections from superficial to life-threatening systemic infections. Key factors contributing to its virulence include adhesion to host cells, yeast-to-hypha transition, secretion of hydrolases, biofilm formation, phenotypic switching, and fitness attributes such as rapid adaptation to environmental changes. The review highlights recent advancements in understanding these mechanisms, including the role of specific virulence factors like adhesins (e.g., Als3) and invasins (e.g., Als3, Ssa1), as well as the importance of stress responses, metal acquisition, and metabolic flexibility. The authors emphasize the potential of targeting these mechanisms for the development of new antifungal therapies and diagnostics.The article reviews the pathogenicity mechanisms of *Candida albicans*, a common member of the human microbiome that can cause a range of infections from superficial to life-threatening systemic infections. Key factors contributing to its virulence include adhesion to host cells, yeast-to-hypha transition, secretion of hydrolases, biofilm formation, phenotypic switching, and fitness attributes such as rapid adaptation to environmental changes. The review highlights recent advancements in understanding these mechanisms, including the role of specific virulence factors like adhesins (e.g., Als3) and invasins (e.g., Als3, Ssa1), as well as the importance of stress responses, metal acquisition, and metabolic flexibility. The authors emphasize the potential of targeting these mechanisms for the development of new antifungal therapies and diagnostics.